Official Solution:

If \(f(x)\) is defined as the largest integer \(N\) such that \(x\) is divisible by \(2^N\), which of the following numbers is the greatest?

A. \(f(24)\)
B. \(f(42)\)
C. \(f(62)\)
D. \(f(76)\)
E. \(f(84)\)


Often the hardest part is rewording a question to understand what it's really asking.

So, we have an integer \(x\). It has some power of 2 in its prime factorization (\(2^n\)) and \(f(x)\) is the value of that \(n\). Basically \(f(x)\) is the power of 2 in prime factorization of \(x\).

For example, if \(x\) is say 40, then \(f(x)=3\). Why? Because the largest integer \(n\) such that 40 is divisible by \(2^n\) is 3: \(\frac{40}{2^3}=5\), or \(40=2^3*5\) - the power of 2 in prime factorization of 40 is 3.

Hence all we need to do to answer the question is to factorize all options and see which one has 2 in highest power.

A. \(f(24)\): factorize 24: \(24 = 2^3*3\), thus \(f(24) = 3\)

B. \(f(42)\): factorize 42: \(42 = 2*21\), thus \(f(42) = 1\)

C. \(f(62)\): factorize 62: \(62 = 2*31\), thus \(f(62) = 1\)

D. \(f(76)\): factorize 76: \(76 = 2^2*19\), thus \(f(76) = 2\)

E. \(f(84)\): factorize 84: \(84 = 2^2*21\), thus \(f(84) = 2\)


Answer: A
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Often the hardest part is rewording the question to understand what it's really asking.

So, we have an integer x. It has some power of 2 in its prime factorization (2^n) and f(x) is the value of that n. Basically f(x) is the power of 2 in prime factorization of x.

For example, if x is say 40, then f(x)=3. Why? Because the largest integer n such that 40 is divisible by 2^n is 3: 40/2^3=5, or 40=2^3*5 --> the power of 2 in prime factorization of 40 is 3.

Hence all we need to do to answer the question is to factorize all options and see which one has 2 in highest power.

A. f(24) --> 24 = 2^3*3
B. f(42) --> 42 = 2*21
C. f(62) --> 62 = 2*31
D. f(76) --> 76 = 2^2*19
E. f(84) --> 84 = 2^2*21

Answer: A.

Hope it's clear.
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New to the Math Forum?
Please read this: Ultimate GMAT Quantitative Megathread | All You Need for Quant | PLEASE READ AND FOLLOW: 12 Rules for Posting!!!

Resources:
GMAT Math Book | Triangles | Polygons | Coordinate Geometry | Factorials | Circles | Number Theory | Remainders; 8. Overlapping Sets | PDF of Math Book; 10. Remainders | GMAT Prep Software Analysis | SEVEN SAMURAI OF 2012 (BEST DISCUSSIONS) | Tricky questions from previous years.

Collection of Questions:
PS: 1. Tough and Tricky questions; 2. Hard questions; 3. Hard questions part 2; 4. Standard deviation; 5. Tough Problem Solving Questions With Solutions; 6. Probability and Combinations Questions With Solutions; 7 Tough and tricky exponents and roots questions; 8 12 Easy Pieces (or not?); 9 Bakers' Dozen; 10 Algebra set. ,11 Mixed Questions, 12 Fresh Meat

DS: 1. DS tough questions; 2. DS tough questions part 2; 3. DS tough questions part 3; 4. DS Standard deviation; 5. Inequalities; 6. 700+ GMAT Data Sufficiency Questions With Explanations; 7 Tough and tricky exponents and roots questions; 8 The Discreet Charm of the DS; 9 Devil's Dozen!!!; 10 Number Properties set., 11 New DS set.


What are GMAT Club Tests?
Extra-hard Quant Tests with Brilliant Analytics

+1 for A
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