Official Solution:Is \(k\) an even integer? (1) \(5k + 2\) is an even integer.
If \(k\) is an integer, then from \(5k + 2=even\) it follows that \(5k=even\) and in this case \(k\) must be even.
If \(k\) is NOT an integer, then from \(5k + 2=even\) it follows that \(k =\frac{even}{5}\) and in this case \(k\) must be some fraction like: \(..., \ -\frac{4}{5}, \ -\frac{2}{5}; \ \frac{2}{5},\ \frac{4}{5}, ...\), so NOT an even intger.
Not sufficient.
(2) \(k^2 + 1\) is an odd integer.
If \(k\) is an integer, then from \(k^2+1=odd\) it follows that \(k^2=even\) and in this case \(k\) must be even.
If \(k\) is NOT an integer, then from \(k^2+1=odd\) it follows that \(k =\sqrt{even}\) and in this case \(k\) must some irrational number like: \(..., \ -\sqrt{6}, \ -\sqrt{2}; \ \sqrt{2},\ \sqrt{6}, ...\), so NOT an even intger.
Not sufficient.
(1)+(2) No irrational number satisfices (1): \(5k + 2=5*irrational + integer=irrational +integer=irrational\). So, we are left with the first case from (2): \(k\) is an even integer. Sufficient.
Answer: C