Official Solution:
\(A = \{9, 10, 11, 12, x\}\)
If the median and the average (arithmetic mean) of the data set A, shown above, are equal, what is the value of \(x\)? Observe that the given set, A, can have only three possible medians:
• 10, when \(x \leq 10\)
• \(x\), when \(10 \leq x \leq 11\)
• 11, when \(11 \leq x\)
When the median is 10, equating the average and the median gives us \(\frac{9 + 10 + 11 + 12 + x}{5} = 10\), resulting in \(x = 8\);
When the median is \(x\), equating the average and the median gives \(\frac{9 + 10 + 11 + 12 + x}{5} = x\), resulting \(x = 10.5\);
When the median is 11, equating the average and the median gives \(\frac{9 + 10 + 11 + 12 + x}{5} = 11\), resulting \(x = 13\).
(1) \(x\) is not an integer.
The only non-integer value among the three possible values of \(x\) is 10.5. Sufficient.
(2) \(x\) is not a prime number.
This excludes 13 and leaves two possible values for \(x\): 8 and 10.5. Not sufficient.
Answer: A