Official Solution: A pair of fair six-sided dice is rolled once. If at least one die shows a prime number, what is the probability that both dice show prime numbers? A. \(\frac{1}{4}\)
B. \(\frac{1}{3}\)
C. \(\frac{1}{2}\)
D. \(\frac{2}{3}\)
E. \(\frac{3}{4}\)
Prime faces: 2, 3, 5
Non-prime faces: 1, 4, 6
Total number of outcomes = 6 * 6 = 36.
We want only the outcomes in which at least one die shows a prime. The only outcomes that do not satisfy this are those where both dice are non-prime. Each die has 3 non-prime faces, so the number of outcomes with no prime at all is 3 * 3 = 9.
So the number of outcomes with at least one prime is 36 - 9 = 27.
The number of outcomes where both dice show primes is 3 * 3 = 9, since each die has 3 prime faces.
We are told that at least one die shows a prime, so we look only at those 27 outcomes. Among these, 9 have both dice prime, so the required probability is 9/27 = 1/3.
Answer: B