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04 Feb 2020, 08:35
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Many psychologists recommend that people cultivate self-esteem instead of criticizing themselves for their shortcomings. But this is clearly a bad principle if the goal is a society whose citizens are genuinely happy, for no one can be genuinely happy if he or she is not pursuing personal excellence by seeking to improve himself or herself.
Which of the following is an assumption required by the argument?
(A) Those who are willing to change will probably find genuine happiness.
(B) People who do not criticize themselves are less likely than others to pursue personal excellence.
(C) Personal excellence cannot be acquired by those who lack genuine confidence in their own abilities.
(D) People are justified in feeling content with themselves when they have achieved some degree of personal excellence.
(E) Happiness is not genuine unless it is based on something that is painful to obtain.
Which of the following is an assumption required by the argument?
(A) Those who are willing to change will probably find genuine happiness.
(B) People who do not criticize themselves are less likely than others to pursue personal excellence.
(C) Personal excellence cannot be acquired by those who lack genuine confidence in their own abilities.
(D) People are justified in feeling content with themselves when they have achieved some degree of personal excellence.
(E) Happiness is not genuine unless it is based on something that is painful to obtain.
B.
04 Feb 2020, 08:39
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Dear VeritasKarishma VeritasPrepBrian IanStewart,
Why choice E. is incorrect?
I thought "criticizing themselves for their shortcomings" could be considered as "something that is painful to obtain"!
Thank you!
Why choice E. is incorrect?
I thought "criticizing themselves for their shortcomings" could be considered as "something that is painful to obtain"!
Thank you!
04 Feb 2020, 22:45
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varotkorn
Many psychologists recommend that people cultivate self-esteem instead of criticizing themselves for their shortcomings. But this is clearly a bad principle if the goal is a society whose citizens are genuinely happy, for no one can be genuinely happy if he or she is not pursuing personal excellence by seeking to improve himself or herself.
Which of the following is an assumption required by the argument?
(A) Those who are willing to change will probably find genuine happiness.
(B) People who do not criticize themselves are less likely than others to pursue personal excellence.
(C) Personal excellence cannot be acquired by those who lack genuine confidence in their own abilities.
(D) People are justified in feeling content with themselves when they have achieved some degree of personal excellence.
(E) Happiness is not genuine unless it is based on something that is painful to obtain.
Which of the following is an assumption required by the argument?
(A) Those who are willing to change will probably find genuine happiness.
(B) People who do not criticize themselves are less likely than others to pursue personal excellence.
(C) Personal excellence cannot be acquired by those who lack genuine confidence in their own abilities.
(D) People are justified in feeling content with themselves when they have achieved some degree of personal excellence.
(E) Happiness is not genuine unless it is based on something that is painful to obtain.
B.
Psychologists recommend - cultivate self-esteem instead of criticizing yourself.
No one can be genuinely happy if he or she is not pursuing personal excellence.
Conclusion: if the goal is a society whose citizens are genuinely happy, psychologist's recommendation is a bad principle.
Note here that the conclusion links happiness to "cultivating self esteem and not criticising oneself".
On the other hand, the argument links happiness to "pursuing personal excellence".
To conclude that happiness is linked to "cultivating self esteem and not criticising oneself", we need to link "pursuing personal excellence" to "cultivating self esteem and not criticising oneself". This is what the assumption should do.
(A) Those who are willing to change will probably find genuine happiness.
Not it.
(B) People who do not criticize themselves are less likely than others to pursue personal excellence.
Correct. Links "not criticising" to "pursuing personal excellence". Those who don't criticise themselves, don't pursue personal excellence. So they will not be happy. So if the goal is a society that is happy, not criticising oneself is a bad principle.
(C) Personal excellence cannot be acquired by those who lack genuine confidence in their own abilities.
"Confidence in abilities" is not discussed anywhere.
(D) People are justified in feeling content with themselves when they have achieved some degree of personal excellence.
"Contentment" is not discussed anywhere.
(E) Happiness is not genuine unless it is based on something that is painful to obtain.
"Something painful to obtain" is not discussed anywhere.
We don't know whether self criticism is painful to obtain. Also, even if it is, happiness may be dependent on self criticism and not the generic "something painful to obtain". We cannot make a generic statement ("something" painful to obtain) about the assumption. The generic statement is not necessary while assumptions are necessary.
Answer (B)
