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[GMAT math practice question]

(number property) If \(m\) and \(n\) are positive integers, what is the remainder when \(12^{mn}\) is divided by \(13\)?

1) m=even
2) n=odd
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[GMAT math practice question]

(inequality) If \(x, y\) and \(z\) are integers with \(x<y<z\), is \(z>4\)?

\(1) x+y+z=12\)

\(2) x<4\)

=>

Forget conventional ways of solving math questions. For DS problems, the VA (Variable Approach) method is the quickest and easiest way to find the answer without actually solving the problem. Remember that equal numbers of variables and independent equations ensure a solution.

The first step of the VA (Variable Approach) method is to modify the original condition and the question. We then recheck the question.

From condition 1), since \(x + y + z = 12\), their average is \(4\)
.
The maximum of three numbers is greater than or equal to their average. Thus, \(z ≥ 4\).

Indeed, we must have \(z > 4\) since \(x, y\) and \(z\) are different for the following reasons.

If \(z = 4\), then \(x + y = 8\). But \(x < y < z (= 4)\), so this is impossible.

If \(z ≤ 4\), then \(x < y < z ≤ 4\), and we must have \(x < 4\) and \(y < 4\).

This implies that \(x + y + z < 4 + 4 + 4 = 12\) and \(x + y + z ≠ 12\) , which contradicts condition 1).

Thus, \(z > 4\).

Condition 1) is sufficient.

Condition 2)
If \(x = 3, y = 4\) and \(z = 5\), then \(z > 4\) and the answer is ‘yes’.

If \(x = 1, y = 2\) and \(z = 3\), then \(z < 4\) and the answer is ‘no’.

Condition 2) is not sufficient since it does not yield a unique answer.

Therefore, A is the answer.
Answer: A
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[GMAT math practice question]

(number property) If \(m\) and \(n\) are positive integers, what is the remainder when \(12^{mn}\) is divided by \(13\)?

1) m=even
2) n=odd

=>

Forget conventional ways of solving math questions. For DS problems, the VA (Variable Approach) method is the quickest and easiest way to find the answer without actually solving the problem. Remember that equal numbers of variables and independent equations ensure a solution.

The first step of the VA (Variable Approach) method is to modify the original condition and the question. We then recheck the question.
In remainder questions, you get the same answer if you do the divisions first and calculate with the remainders or do the calculations first and then find the remainder.
Since \(12 = 13*1 + (-1), 12\), the remainder when \(12^{mn}\) is divided by \(13\) is the same as the remainder when \((-1)^{mn}\) is divided by \(13\).

If \(mn\) is an odd number, \((-1)^{mn} = -1\) and if \(mn\) is an even number, \((-1)^{mn} = 1\).

The question asks if \(mn\) is an odd number or an even number.

Condition 1)
If \(m\) is an even integer, \(mn\) is an even number and the remainder when \(12^{mn}\) is divided by \(13\) is \(1\).

Condition 1) is sufficient, since it yields a unique answer.

Condition 2)
If \(m = 2\) and \(n = 1\), then \(12^{2*1} = 12^2 = 144 = 13*11 + 1\) and the remainder is \(1\).

If \(m = 1\) and \(n = 1\), then \(12^{1*1} = 12^1 = 12 = 13*0 + 12\) and the remainder is \(12\).

Condition 2) is not sufficient since it does not yield a unique answer.

Therefore, A is the answer.
Answer: A
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[GMAT math practice question]

(function) If \(f(x)=ax^2+bx+c\), where \(a, b\) and \(c\) are integers, is \(b=0\)?

\(1) f(10)=f(-10)=0\)

\(2) f(0)f(10)=0\)
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[GMAT math practice question]

(geometry) What is the volume of a sphere?

1) The circumference of the sphere is \(6π\)

2) The surface area of the sphere is \(36π\)
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[GMAT math practice question]

(function) If \(f(x)=ax^2+bx+c\), where \(a, b\) and \(c\) are integers, is \(b=0\)?

\(1) f(10)=f(-10)=0\)

\(2) f(0)f(10)=0\)

=>

Forget conventional ways of solving math questions. For DS problems, the VA (Variable Approach) method is the quickest and easiest way to find the answer without actually solving the problem. Remember that equal numbers of variables and independent equations ensure a solution.

The first step of the VA (Variable Approach) method is to modify the original condition and the question. We then recheck the question.
If \(b = 0\), then the graph of \(f(x)\) is symmetric about the y-axis.

Condition 1) tells us that \(b = 0\) because there are two possible ways that this graph can lie in the \(xy\)-plane.

Attachment:
4.29.png
4.29.png [ 9.75 KiB | Viewed 1606 times ]

This implies that \(f(x) = a(x+10)(x-10)= a(x^2-100) = ax^2 – 100a\) and the middle term of \(f(x)\) is \(0\).

Thus, condition 1) is sufficient.

Condition 2)
Condition 2) is equivalent to the statement that \(f(0) = 0\) or \(f(10) = 0\).

If \(f(x) = x^2 – 100\), then \(f(10) = 0\) and \(b = 0.\)

If \(f(x) = x^2 – 10x\), then \(f(0) = 0\) and \(b = 10.\)

Condition 2) is not sufficient since it does not yield a unique answer.

Therefore, A is the answer.
Answer: A
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[GMAT math practice question]

(function) In the \(x-y\) plane, the graph of \(y=f(x)=ax^2+bx+c\) passes through (\(-2,0\)) and (\(2,0\)). Is \(f(4)<0\)?

\(1) f(0)>0\)

\(2) f(-3)<0\)
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[GMAT math practice question]

(geometry) What is the volume of a sphere?

1) The circumference of the sphere is \(6π\)

2) The surface area of the sphere is \(36π\)

=>

Forget conventional ways of solving math questions. For DS problems, the VA (Variable Approach) method is the quickest and easiest way to find the answer without actually solving the problem. Remember that equal numbers of variables and independent equations ensure a solution.

The first step of the VA (Variable Approach) method is to modify the original condition and the question. We then recheck the question.

Since we have \(1\) variable, the radius \(r\) for the sphere, and \(0\) equations, D is most likely to be the answer. So, we should consider each condition on its own first.

Condition 1)
Since the circumference of the sphere is \(2πr = 6π\), we must have \(r = 3\).

The volume of the sphere is \((\frac{4}{3})πr^2 = (\frac{4}{3})π(3)^2 = 12π.\)

Condition 1) is sufficient since it yields a unique answer,

Condition 2)
Since the surface area of the sphere is \(4πr^2 = 36π\), we must have \(r = 3\).

The volume of the sphere is \((\frac{4}{3})πr^2 = (\frac{4}{3})π3^2 = 12π.\)

Condition 2) is sufficient since it yields a unique answer,

Therefore, D is the answer.
Answer: D

Note: Tip 1) of the VA method states that D is most likely to be the answer if condition 1) gives the same information as condition 2).

If the original condition includes “1 variable”, or “2 variables and 1 equation”, or “3 variables and 2 equations” etc., one more equation is required to answer the question. If each of conditions 1) and 2) provide an additional equation, there is a 59% chance that D is the answer, a 38% chance that A or B is the answer, and a 3% chance that the answer is C or E. Thus, answer D (conditions 1) and 2), when applied separately, are sufficient to answer the question) is most likely, but there may be cases where the answer is A,B,C or E.
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[GMAT math practice question]

(inequality) \(a, b, c, d\) and e are real numbers with \(a<b<c<d<e\). Is \(abcde\) negative?

\(1) abc < 0\)

\(2) cde < 0\)
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[GMAT math practice question]

(function) In the \(x-y\) plane, the graph of \(y=f(x)=ax^2+bx+c\) passes through (\(-2,0\)) and (\(2,0\)). Is \(f(4)<0\)?

\(1) f(0)>0\)

\(2) f(-3)<0\)

=>

Forget conventional ways of solving math questions. For DS problems, the VA (Variable Approach) method is the quickest and easiest way to find the answer without actually solving the problem. Remember that equal numbers of variables and independent equations ensure a solution.

The first step of the VA (Variable Approach) method is to modify the original condition and the question. We then recheck the question.
Since \(f(2) = f(-2) = 0\), there are two possible ways that this graph can lie in the \(xy\)-plane.

Attachment:
51.png
51.png [ 9.96 KiB | Viewed 1563 times ]

The question asks if \(a < 0\).

Condition 1) tells us that \(a < 0\) since \(f(0) > 0\). Thus, condition 1) it is sufficient.

Condition 2) also tells us that \(a < 0\) since \(f(-3) < 0.\) Thus, it is sufficient too.


Therefore, D is the answer.
Answer: D

If the original condition includes “1 variable”, or “2 variables and 1 equation”, or “3 variables and 2 equations” etc., one more equation is required to answer the question. If each of conditions 1) and 2) provide an additional equation, there is a 59% chance that D is the answer, a 38% chance that A or B is the answer, and a 3% chance that the answer is C or E. Thus, answer D (conditions 1) and 2), when applied separately, are sufficient to answer the question) is most likely, but there may be cases where the answer is A,B,C or E.
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[GMAT math practice question]

(number property) Is the integer \(n\) even?

1) There is a sum of \(n\) consecutive integers that is even.

2) \([\frac{n}{2}]\) is an even number, where \([n]\) is the greatest integer less than or equal to \(n\).
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[GMAT math practice question]

(inequality) \(a, b, c, d\) and e are real numbers with \(a<b<c<d<e\). Is \(abcde\) negative?

\(1) abc < 0\)

\(2) cde < 0\)

=>

Forget conventional ways of solving math questions. For DS problems, the VA (Variable Approach) method is the quickest and easiest way to find the answer without actually solving the problem. Remember that equal numbers of variables and independent equations ensure a solution.

Since we have \(5\) variables and \(4\) equations, D is most likely to be the answer. So, we should consider each condition on its own first. If a question is an inequality, then inequalities in the original condition can be counted as equations.

Condition 1)
If \(a = -1, b = 1, c = 2, d = 3, e = 4,\) then \(abcde < 0\), and the answer is ‘yes’

If \(a = -4, b = -3, c = -2, d = -1, e = 1,\) then \(abcde > 0,\) and the answer is ‘no’.

Condition 1) is not sufficient since it doesn’t yield a unique answer.

Condition 2)
There are two cases to consider:
i) \(0\) lies between \(c\) and \(d\)

ii) \(0\) is greater than \(e.\)

If \(0\) lies between \(c\) and \(d\), then \(abcde < 0\) and the answer is ‘yes’.

If \(0\) is greater than \(e\), then \(abcde < 0\) and the answer is ‘yes’.

Condition 2) is sufficient since it gives a unique answer.

Therefore, B is the answer.
Answer: B

If the original condition includes “1 variable”, or “2 variables and 1 equation”, or “3 variables and 2 equations” etc., one more equation is required to answer the question. If each of conditions 1) and 2) provide an additional equation, there is a 59% chance that D is the answer, a 38% chance that A or B is the answer, and a 3% chance that the answer is C or E. Thus, answer D (conditions 1) and 2), when applied separately, are sufficient to answer the question) is most likely, but there may be cases where the answer is A,B,C or E.
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[GMAT math practice question]

(number property) Is the integer \(n\) even?

1) There is a sum of \(n\) consecutive integers that is even.

2) \([\frac{n}{2}]\) is an even number, where \([n]\) is the greatest integer less than or equal to \(n\).

=>

Forget conventional ways of solving math questions. For DS problems, the VA (Variable Approach) method is the quickest and easiest way to find the answer without actually solving the problem. Remember that equal numbers of variables and independent equations ensure a solution.

Since we have \(1\) variable (\(n\)) and \(0\) equations, D is most likely to be the answer. So, we should consider each condition on its own first.

Condition 1)
Since the sum of \(2, 3, 4, 5\) and \(6\) is \(20\), which is an even number, and \(n=5\) is an odd number, the answer is sometimes ‘no’.
Since the sum of \(1, 2, 3\), and \(4\) is \(10\), which is an even number, and \(n=4\) is an even number, the answer is sometimes ‘yes’.
Condition 1) is not sufficient since it does not yield a unique answer.

Condition 2)
If \(n = 4\), then \([\frac{n}{2}] = 2\) is even, and \(n\) is even.

If \(n = 5\), then \([\frac{n}{2}] = 2\) is also even, but \(n\) is not even.
Condition 2) is not sufficient since it does not yield a unique answer.

Conditions 1) & 2)
Since the sum of \(2, 3, 4, 5\) and \(6\) is \(20\), which is an even number, and \(n=5\) is an odd number such that \([\frac{n}{2}] = 2\) is even, the answer is sometimes ‘no’.

Since the sum of \(1, 2, 3\), and \(4\) is \(10\), which is an even number, and \(n=4\) is an even number such that \([\frac{n}{2}] = 2\) is even, the answer is sometimes ‘yes’.

Conditions 1) & 2) together are not sufficient, since they do not yield a unique answer.

Therefore, E is the answer.
Answer: E

If the original condition includes “1 variable”, or “2 variables and 1 equation”, or “3 variables and 2 equations” etc., one more equation is required to answer the question. If each of conditions 1) and 2) provide an additional equation, there is a 59% chance that D is the answer, a 38% chance that A or B is the answer, and a 3% chance that the answer is C or E. Thus, answer D (conditions 1) and 2), when applied separately, are sufficient to answer the question) is most likely, but there may be cases where the answer is A,B,C or E.
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[GMAT math practice question]

(function) Is \(x + y < -1\)?

1) \(|x|>x\) and \(|y|>y\)

2) \(x^2+y^2>1\)
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[GMAT math practice question]

(number properties) If \(x, y,\) and \(z\) are integers, is \(xyz\) a multiple of \(6\)?

1) \(x+y+z\) is a multiple of \(6\)

2) \(x, y\), and \(z\) are consecutive
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[GMAT math practice question]

(function) Is \(x + y < -1\)?

1) \(|x|>x\) and \(|y|>y\)

2) \(x^2+y^2>1\)

=>

Forget conventional ways of solving math questions. For DS problems, the VA (Variable Approach) method is the quickest and easiest way to find the answer without actually solving the problem. Remember that equal numbers of variables and independent equations ensure a solution.

Since we have \(2\) variables (\(x\) and \(y\)) and \(0\) equations, C is most likely to be the answer. So, we should consider conditions 1) & 2) together first. After comparing the number of variables and the number of equations, we can save time by considering conditions 1) & 2) together first.

Conditions 1) & 2)
Condition 1) tells us that \(x\) and \(y\) are negative numbers.
By condition 2), \((x+y)^2 = x^2 + 2xy +y^2 > x^2 + y^2 > 1\) and \((x+y)^2 > 1\) since \(x\) and \(y\) are negative and \(xy > 0.\)

Since \(x + y < 0,\) we must have \(x + y < -1.\)
Conditions 1) & 2) are sufficient, when considered together.

Therefore, C is the answer.
Answer: C
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[GMAT math practice question]

(absolute value) Is \(|x-1|<|x-3|\)?

\(1) x<2\)

\(2) x>-2\)
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