OFFICIAL EXPLANATIONProject SC Butler: Sentence Correction (SC1)
Quote:
Moule’s review served as a welcome encouragement to the author: Hardy set to work with renewed vigor and finished the serial ahead of time.
A) served as a welcome encouragement to the author: Hardy
B) served a welcome encouragement to Hardy, and the author
C) was welcome as an encouragement to Hardy, the author
D) was a welcome encouragement to the author, Hardy
E) served as a welcome encouragement to the author, Hardy
• Split #1: Comma SpliceWe cannot join two independent clauses with nothing more than a comma.
Using only a comma to join two independent clauses in this incorrect way is called a "comma splice."
See Notes, below.
Options C, D, and E incorrectly join two independent clauses with nothing more than a comma.
Eliminate C, D, and E.
• Split #2: Logic and meaningOption B states that Moule's review
served a welcome encouragement to the author Thomas Hardy.
There is no such thing as
serving an encouragement.How, exactly, would I serve another person an encouragement?
Would I put some encouragement on a silver platter and hold the platter in front of a person?
In English, I can serve food, beverages, legal summons, tennis balls, and a few other things.
But I cannot serve my encouragement to another person.
That is, the phrase
served a welcome encouragement is illogical, nonsensical, and unidiomatic.
One secondary meaning of
to serve is
to act in the capacity of a particular role or to
be of use in achieving or satisfying.
→
The judge's angry glare served as a warning to the lawyer, who stopped interrupting the witness.→
The leader's statement to white supremacist groups to "stand by" served as a rallying call for them; within hours, members were making, selling, and wearing T-shirts imprinted with those words. The phrase "served a welcome encouragement" in Option B is nonsensical.
Eliminate B.
The correct answer is A.• NotesA "comma splice" impermissibly "sticks" two
independent clauses together with nothing more than a comma.
Independent clauses contain a subject and verb and can stand alone.
We can join two ICs
(1) with a comma and a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
(2) with a semicolon—and often, in that case, a word follows the semicolon, such as
consequently, however, or
thus--
Correct: The boss was grouchy; all the employees avoided her.
--
Correct: The boss was grouchy; consequently, all the employees avoided her.
--
Wrong: The boss was grouchy, all the employees avoided her.
--
Correct: The boss was grouchy, so all the employees avoided her.
ColonsOn the GMAT, whatever comes before a colon must be an independent clause.
What follows a colon
can be another independent clause but does not have to be one.
A colon has two functions.
A colon:
(1) can connect two independent clauses when the second clause elaborates on or is the result of the first
→
The leader fears that he will face criminal indictment when he leaves office: his lawyer has already pleaded guilty to eight criminal charges. and
(2) can be placed after an independent clause and before a word, phrase, or list (not a clause) that explains or clarifies the original clause
→
Without using the word slave, the U.S. Constitution protected slavery in three places: the "three-fifths" clause, the slave trade clause, and the fugitive-slave clause. COMMENTSThese answers range from very good to outstanding.
Nice work!