Bunuel wrote:
On average, city bus drivers who are using the new computerized fare-collection system have a much better on-time record than do drivers using the old fare-collection system. Millicent Smith has the best on-time record of any bus driver in the city. Therefore, she must be using the computerized fare-collection system.
Which one of the following contains flawed reasoning most similar to that contained in the argument above?
(A) All the city’s solid-waste collection vehicles acquired after 1988 have a large capacity than any of those acquired before 1988. This vehicle has the largest capacity of any the city owns, so it must have been acquired after 1988.
(B) The soccer players on the blue team are generally taller than the players on the gold team. Since Henri is a member of the blue team, he is undoubtedly taller than most of the members of the gold team.
(C) This tomato is the largest of this year’s crop. Since the tomatoes in the experimental plot are on average larger than those grown in the regular plots, this tomato must have been grown in the experiment plot.
(D) Last week’s snowstorm in Toronto was probably an average storm for the area. It was certainly heavier than any snowstorm known to have occurred in Miami, but any average snowstorm in Toronto leaves more snow than ever falls in Miami.
(E) Lawn mowers powered by electricity generally require less maintenance than do lawn mowers powered by gasoline. This lawn mower is powered by gasoline, so it will probably require a lot of maintenance.
On average,bus driver with new computerized system(A) ---WILL-->have much better on-time record(B)
“ON AVERAGE”….have a much better on-time record than--->NOT SPECIFIC,THUS LEAD TO FLAW
Millicent Smith has the best on-time record(B) --MUST--> using new computerized system(A)
………FLAWED,” not must”/”not sufficient”
maybe some drivers with old computerized system have much better on-time record than new computerized system
(A) All the city’s solid-waste collection vehicles acquired after 1988 have a large capacity than any of those acquired before 1988. This vehicle has the largest capacity of any the city owns, so it must have been acquired after 1988.
All …than any of those--->VERY SPECIFIC
Vehicles after 1988 (A) -->larger capacity (B)
before 1988 -->smaller capacity
Vehicle the largest capacity ( sufficient B) –MUST---> after 1988(A)
Sufficient, thus not parallel to question stem…incorrect
(B) The soccer players on the blue team are generally taller than the players on the gold team. Since Henri is a member of the blue team, he is undoubtedly taller than most of the members of the gold team.
Blue team(A)----> generally taller than gold team(B)
Subset in (A) –MUST--> taller than most of subset in(B)
its statement not parallel to question stem…incorrect
(C) This tomato is the largest of this year’s crop. Since the tomatoes in the experimental plot are on average larger than those grown in the regular plots, this tomato must have been grown in the experiment plot.
"on average larger than"--->NOT SPECIFIC
experimental plot(A)---> tomatoes ON AVERAGE larger(B)
regular plot ---> tomatoes smaller
tomatoes largest(B) -–must--> in experimental plot(A) Flawed, not sufficient………maybe in regular plot
from ON AVERAGE, we had to guess maybe “some tomatoes are larger in regular plots than experimental plots”
most parallel to question stem…. correct
(D) Last week’s snowstorm in Toronto was probably an average storm for the area. It was certainly heavier than any snowstorm known to have occurred in Miami, but any average snowstorm in Toronto leaves more snow than ever falls in Miami.
Option(D)’s statement totally not parallel to question stem…incorrect
(E) Lawn mowers powered by electricity generally require less maintenance than do lawn mowers powered by gasoline. This lawn mower is powered by gasoline, so it will probably require a lot of maintenance.
Mowers with electricity-->generally require less maintenance
Mowers with gasoline(A) --> generally require more maintenance(B)
A occur -->B must occur
Option’s statement totally not parallel to question stem…incorrect