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Q543. RC00301-04. Which of the following statements about the earliest scientific investigators of quantum tunneling can be inferred from the passage?
(A) They found it difficult to increase barrier thickness continually.
(B) They anticipated the later results of Chiao and his colleagues.
(C) They did not suppose that tunneling particles could travel faster than light.
(D) They were unable to observe instances of successful tunneling.
(E) They made use of photons to study the phenomenon of tunneling.
Note this:
... Though the extreme rapidity of quantum tunneling was noted as early as 1932, not until 1955 was it hypothesized—by Wigner and Eisenbud—that tunneling particles sometimes travel faster than light.
Though quantum tunnelling was noted in 1932, it was much later than faster than light travel concept was proposed.
So option (C) is correct.
Nowhere in the passage does it say that they were not able to observe instances initially.
28 Aug 2020, 20:54
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Q1. The author of the passage mentions calculations about tunneling time and barrier thickness in order to
A. suggest that tunneling time is unrelated to barrier thickness
B. explain the evidence by which Wigner and Eisenbud discovered the phenomenon of tunneling
C. describe data recently challenged by Raymond Chiao and colleagues
D. question why particles engaged in quantum tunneling rarely achieve extremely high speeds
E. explain the basis for Wigner and Eisenbud’s hypothesis
Evaluation
This question asks why the author discusses calculations about tunneling time and barrier thickness. According to the passage, these calculations provided the grounds for Wigner and Eisenbud’s hypothesis that tunneling particles may travel faster than light.
A. The passage states that tunneling time is related to barrier thickness, up to the point at which tunneling time reaches a maximum.
B. The passage indicates that the phenomenon of tunneling was noted at least as early as 1932. It provides no evidence that Wigner and Eisenbud discovered it.
C. The passage uses Chiao’s work to support the idea that tunneling particles may move faster than light, not challenge it.
D. The author describes calculations about tunneling time and barrier thickness in order to explain that particles engaged in quantum tunneling may in fact achieve extremely high speeds, not to explain the rarity of the phenomenon.
E. Correct. The calculations about tunneling time and barrier thickness supported Wigner and Eisenbud’s hypothesis that quantum tunneling could occur at speeds faster than that of light.
The correct answer is E.
Q2. The passage implies that if tunneling time reached no maximum in increasing with barrier thickness, then
A. tunneling speed would increase with barrier thickness
B. tunneling speed would decline with barrier thickness
C. tunneling speed would vary with barrier thickness
D. tunneling speed would not be expected to increase without limit
E. successful tunneling would occur even less frequently than it does
Inference
The passage states that because tunneling time reaches a maximum, then tunneling speed must increase as barrier thickness increases. But if tunneling time did not reach such a maximum, then speed need not increase without limit; the particle could have as low a speed in thicker barriers as in thinner ones and take longer to tunnel through a barrier.
A. If tunneling time could not reach a maximum, then speed might increase, decrease, or remain the same as barrier thickness increases.
B. If tunneling time could not reach a maximum, then speed might increase, decrease, or remain the same as barrier thickness increases.
C. Tunneling speed could vary with barrier thickness if tunneling time could not reach a maximum, but there is no basis in the passage on which to conclude that this is definitely so.
D. Correct. The tunneling particle could have as low a speed in thicker barriers as in thinner ones and simply take longer to make its way through a thicker barrier.
E. The passage states that the probability of successful tunneling declines as the thickness of the barrier increases. However, it does not address the issue of whether the differences in probability of successful tunneling are due to the greater time required to go through thicker barriers.
The correct answer is D.
Q3. Which of the following statements about the earliest scientific investigators of quantum tunneling can be inferred from the passage?
A. They found it difficult to increase barrier thickness continually.
B. They anticipated the later results of Chiao and his colleagues.
C. They did not suppose that tunneling particles could travel faster than light.
D. They were unable to observe instances of successful tunneling.
E. They made use of photons to study the phenomenon of tunneling.
Inference
This question asks about the earliest investigators of quantum tunneling. The passage notes that quantum tunneling’s extreme rapidity was observed in 1932; thus, the earliest investigators of this phenomenon knew of its existence at that time. Not until 1955 did Wigner and Eisenbud hypothesize that the particles traveled faster than light. Thus, it is logical to infer that the earliest investigators did not imagine such a speed.
A. There is nothing in the passage to suggest that the earliest investigators of quantum tunneling had difficulty manipulating barrier thickness.
B. The passage states that Chiao and his colleagues measured photons moving at 1.7 times the speed of light—but the passage does not provide evidence that the earliest investigators anticipated such speeds.
C. Correct. The passage suggests that prior to 1955, investigators of quantum tunneling had not hypothesized that the particles could travel faster than the speed of light.
D. The passage indicates that by 1932, investigators had noted the rapidity of quantum tunneling;
although this does not entail that they observed the phenomenon, it is consistent with their having been able to do so.
E. The passage indicates that Chiao’s work involves photons, but it does not indicate the type of particles used or observed by the earliest investigators of the phenomenon.
The correct answer is C.
Q1. The author of the passage mentions calculations about tunneling time and barrier thickness in order to
A. suggest that tunneling time is unrelated to barrier thickness
B. explain the evidence by which Wigner and Eisenbud discovered the phenomenon of tunneling
C. describe data recently challenged by Raymond Chiao and colleagues
D. question why particles engaged in quantum tunneling rarely achieve extremely high speeds
E. explain the basis for Wigner and Eisenbud’s hypothesis
Evaluation
This question asks why the author discusses calculations about tunneling time and barrier thickness. According to the passage, these calculations provided the grounds for Wigner and Eisenbud’s hypothesis that tunneling particles may travel faster than light.
A. The passage states that tunneling time is related to barrier thickness, up to the point at which tunneling time reaches a maximum.
B. The passage indicates that the phenomenon of tunneling was noted at least as early as 1932. It provides no evidence that Wigner and Eisenbud discovered it.
C. The passage uses Chiao’s work to support the idea that tunneling particles may move faster than light, not challenge it.
D. The author describes calculations about tunneling time and barrier thickness in order to explain that particles engaged in quantum tunneling may in fact achieve extremely high speeds, not to explain the rarity of the phenomenon.
E. Correct. The calculations about tunneling time and barrier thickness supported Wigner and Eisenbud’s hypothesis that quantum tunneling could occur at speeds faster than that of light.
The correct answer is E.
Q2. The passage implies that if tunneling time reached no maximum in increasing with barrier thickness, then
A. tunneling speed would increase with barrier thickness
B. tunneling speed would decline with barrier thickness
C. tunneling speed would vary with barrier thickness
D. tunneling speed would not be expected to increase without limit
E. successful tunneling would occur even less frequently than it does
Inference
The passage states that because tunneling time reaches a maximum, then tunneling speed must increase as barrier thickness increases. But if tunneling time did not reach such a maximum, then speed need not increase without limit; the particle could have as low a speed in thicker barriers as in thinner ones and take longer to tunnel through a barrier.
A. If tunneling time could not reach a maximum, then speed might increase, decrease, or remain the same as barrier thickness increases.
B. If tunneling time could not reach a maximum, then speed might increase, decrease, or remain the same as barrier thickness increases.
C. Tunneling speed could vary with barrier thickness if tunneling time could not reach a maximum, but there is no basis in the passage on which to conclude that this is definitely so.
D. Correct. The tunneling particle could have as low a speed in thicker barriers as in thinner ones and simply take longer to make its way through a thicker barrier.
E. The passage states that the probability of successful tunneling declines as the thickness of the barrier increases. However, it does not address the issue of whether the differences in probability of successful tunneling are due to the greater time required to go through thicker barriers.
The correct answer is D.
Q3. Which of the following statements about the earliest scientific investigators of quantum tunneling can be inferred from the passage?
A. They found it difficult to increase barrier thickness continually.
B. They anticipated the later results of Chiao and his colleagues.
C. They did not suppose that tunneling particles could travel faster than light.
D. They were unable to observe instances of successful tunneling.
E. They made use of photons to study the phenomenon of tunneling.
Inference
This question asks about the earliest investigators of quantum tunneling. The passage notes that quantum tunneling’s extreme rapidity was observed in 1932; thus, the earliest investigators of this phenomenon knew of its existence at that time. Not until 1955 did Wigner and Eisenbud hypothesize that the particles traveled faster than light. Thus, it is logical to infer that the earliest investigators did not imagine such a speed.
A. There is nothing in the passage to suggest that the earliest investigators of quantum tunneling had difficulty manipulating barrier thickness.
B. The passage states that Chiao and his colleagues measured photons moving at 1.7 times the speed of light—but the passage does not provide evidence that the earliest investigators anticipated such speeds.
C. Correct. The passage suggests that prior to 1955, investigators of quantum tunneling had not hypothesized that the particles could travel faster than the speed of light.
D. The passage indicates that by 1932, investigators had noted the rapidity of quantum tunneling;
although this does not entail that they observed the phenomenon, it is consistent with their having been able to do so.
E. The passage indicates that Chiao’s work involves photons, but it does not indicate the type of particles used or observed by the earliest investigators of the phenomenon.
The correct answer is C.
