| Critical Reasoning Butler: April 2026 |
| May 28 | CR 1 | CR 2 |
_____________________
CR 1 Archaeological examination of the ancient city of Helike, located in Achaea, revealed a pattern of geological damage and collapsed buildings that resembles the pattern formed after tsunamis level down settlements. Thus, archaeologists have theorized that the destruction was caused by a well-documented tsunami that struck Acahea in 373 BCE.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the archaeologists' hypothesis?
A. Ceramic funeral urns that are often found in graves dating from years before and after 373 BCE were also found in several graves near Helike.
B. Inscriptions utilizing a form of the Hellenic alphabet that was certainly used in Achaea after 373 BCE were found in Hellike.
C. Most contemporary accounts of Achaean history mention that a severe tsunami struck the region in 373 BCE.
D. Several coins minted in styles current in Achaea in the century between 350 BCE and 200 BCE were found in Helike.
E. Excavation in Helike found fragments of pottery created before 373 BCE in abundance but did not find any fragments of pottery created after 373 BCE.
_____________________
CR 2 Opioid painkillers, such as oxycodone, are administered intravenously, meaning they are injected directly into the bloodstream. Such painkillers must be injected intravenously because if taken by any other method, the opioids will be processed by the liver before the opioids enter the bloodstream, rendering them useless by the time they reach their target cells. Certain non-opioid painkillers, however, contain chemical agents that are not processed by the liver. Therefore, such non-opioid painkillers can be administered in several different ways.
The statements above most strongly support a claim that the research accomplishment of which of the following would be beneficial to the users of opioid painkillers?
A. Determining, in a systematic way, what chemicals are naturally found in the human bloodstream and whether they tend to be processed by the liver.
B. Chemically altering, by procedures that work in the laboratory, the non-opioid painkillers that are not processed by the liver into opioids.
C. Permanently rendering the liver incapable of processing painkillers.
D. Combining oxycodone with compounds that prevent oxycodone from being processed by the liver but do not affect how target cells react to oxycodone.
E. Determining the amount of time each non-opioid painkiller takes to reach its target cells.