(A) Published in 1922, Claude McKay became familiar to poetry readers through Harlem Shadows, a book that helped
[ Claude McKay was not published in 1922, wrong usage of modifier]
(B) Published in 1922, Harlem Shadows was the book by which Claude McKay became familiar to readers of poetry, helping
[ we can't use helping. this is wrong usage]
(C) Published in 1922, Harlem Shadows was the book by which Claude McKay became familiar to poetry readers and helped
[1) and helped... who helped Claude Mckay ?? wrong 2) if somehow u convince yourself that helped is referring to book.. then ||sm error]
(D) Claude McKay became familiar to readers of poetry through the publication in 1922 of Harlem Shadows, a book that helped
[right choice- a book that helped.. correct]
(E) Harlem Shadows was published in 1922 and was the book by which Claude McKay became familiar to poetry readers, helping
[Wrong usage of helping... there is no cause and effect.. relation]