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06 Mar 2016, 06:13
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Researchers have used DNA sequencing to find a specific gene, which, when mutated, serves as a biochemical pathway for the growth of a certain form of lung cancer. Having found this specific mutated gene, the researchers are working to create a drug that will block the gene's activity. By blocking the gene's activity, the researchers believe, they can stop the growth of that form of cancer.
The answer to which of the following questions would be most valuable in assessing the likelihood of the plan working?
(A) Can a person experience more than one type of cancer simultaneously?
(B) Would using a targeted approach that blocks genes in cancer cells have fewer side effects than do currently used treatment modalities?
(C) What is a typical cost of taking such a drug from development to mass manufacture?
(D) Can cancer cells shift from using one biochemical growth pathway to using another?
(E) For what percentage of forms of cancer is DNA sequencing effective in finding genes that serve as pathways for growth of the forms?
The answer to which of the following questions would be most valuable in assessing the likelihood of the plan working?
(A) Can a person experience more than one type of cancer simultaneously?
(B) Would using a targeted approach that blocks genes in cancer cells have fewer side effects than do currently used treatment modalities?
(C) What is a typical cost of taking such a drug from development to mass manufacture?
(D) Can cancer cells shift from using one biochemical growth pathway to using another?
(E) For what percentage of forms of cancer is DNA sequencing effective in finding genes that serve as pathways for growth of the forms?
06 Mar 2016, 11:36
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Researchers have used DNA sequencing to find a specific gene, which, when mutated, serves as a biochemical pathway for the growth of a certain form of lung cancer. Having found this specific mutated gene, the researchers are working to create a drug that will block the gene's activity. By blocking the gene's activity, the researchers believe, they can stop the growth of that form of cancer.
The answer to which of the following questions would be most valuable in assessing the likelihood of the plan working?
(A) Can a person experience more than one type of cancer simultaneously?
(B) Would using a targeted approach that blocks genes in cancer cells have fewer side effects than do currently used treatment modalities?
(C) What is a typical cost of taking such a drug from development to mass manufacture?
(D) Can cancer cells shift from using one biochemical growth pathway to using another?
(E) For what percentage of forms of cancer is DNA sequencing effective in finding genes that serve as pathways for growth of the forms?
Argument says that gene, if mutated, can create biochemical pathway for the growth of lung cancer. then it goes on saying that researchers are working to create a drug that will block the gene's activity and it, in turns, helps stop the growth of that form of cancer.
what happened if scientist can't find the specific mutated gene. if this happens, whole exercise becomes futile and argument shall be weakened.
with this in mind, now come to the options.
Option D identifies a scenario under which cancer cells shift from using one biochemical growth pathway to other. it means they are using several biochemical pathways. so, it is difficult to identify a single mutated gene and hence, all becomes useless.
So, option D is the answer.
The answer to which of the following questions would be most valuable in assessing the likelihood of the plan working?
(A) Can a person experience more than one type of cancer simultaneously?
(B) Would using a targeted approach that blocks genes in cancer cells have fewer side effects than do currently used treatment modalities?
(C) What is a typical cost of taking such a drug from development to mass manufacture?
(D) Can cancer cells shift from using one biochemical growth pathway to using another?
(E) For what percentage of forms of cancer is DNA sequencing effective in finding genes that serve as pathways for growth of the forms?
Argument says that gene, if mutated, can create biochemical pathway for the growth of lung cancer. then it goes on saying that researchers are working to create a drug that will block the gene's activity and it, in turns, helps stop the growth of that form of cancer.
what happened if scientist can't find the specific mutated gene. if this happens, whole exercise becomes futile and argument shall be weakened.
with this in mind, now come to the options.
Option D identifies a scenario under which cancer cells shift from using one biochemical growth pathway to other. it means they are using several biochemical pathways. so, it is difficult to identify a single mutated gene and hence, all becomes useless.
So, option D is the answer.
09 Mar 2016, 05:26
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Explanation
The plan has a fairly specific goal. "By blocking the gene's activity, the researchers believe, they can stop the growth of that form of cancer."
The researchers are looking to block a particualar gene's activity and believe that by doing that they can stop the growth of a particular form of cancer.
(A) Can a person experience more than one type of cancer simultaneously?
This is a trap answer. The goal of this specific plan will be achieved if just one form of cancer is blocked.
(B) Would using a targeted approach that blocks genes in cancer cells have fewer side effects than do currently used treatment modalities?
The plan is to block the genes and so block the cancer. The plan would work even if the method generates as many side effects as do other treatments.
(C) What is a typical cost of taking such a drug from development to mass manufacture?
In some holistic sense this may affect the success of the plan's undiscussed broader goals, but really the immediate question is that of whether via blocking the gene they can block the growth of the cancer.
(D) Can cancer cells shift from using one biochemical growth pathway to using another?
This is a key question. If the cancer cells could shift to using a different pathway, then blocking the activity of one gene will not be effective in stopping the growth of the cancer. (That type of shifting to work around the block is what happens in the real world by the way.)
(E) For what percentage of forms of cancer is DNA sequencing effective in finding genes that serve as pathways for growth of the forms?
This is another trap answer. The question being discussed here is that of whether blocking a specific gene that has already been found will be effective.
The correct answer is .
The plan has a fairly specific goal. "By blocking the gene's activity, the researchers believe, they can stop the growth of that form of cancer."
The researchers are looking to block a particualar gene's activity and believe that by doing that they can stop the growth of a particular form of cancer.
(A) Can a person experience more than one type of cancer simultaneously?
This is a trap answer. The goal of this specific plan will be achieved if just one form of cancer is blocked.
(B) Would using a targeted approach that blocks genes in cancer cells have fewer side effects than do currently used treatment modalities?
The plan is to block the genes and so block the cancer. The plan would work even if the method generates as many side effects as do other treatments.
(C) What is a typical cost of taking such a drug from development to mass manufacture?
In some holistic sense this may affect the success of the plan's undiscussed broader goals, but really the immediate question is that of whether via blocking the gene they can block the growth of the cancer.
(D) Can cancer cells shift from using one biochemical growth pathway to using another?
This is a key question. If the cancer cells could shift to using a different pathway, then blocking the activity of one gene will not be effective in stopping the growth of the cancer. (That type of shifting to work around the block is what happens in the real world by the way.)
(E) For what percentage of forms of cancer is DNA sequencing effective in finding genes that serve as pathways for growth of the forms?
This is another trap answer. The question being discussed here is that of whether blocking a specific gene that has already been found will be effective.
The correct answer is .
