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crackgmat750
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use of past perfect is certainly wrong. Past perfect is used to discern between an action performed and/or ended prior to another action in the past.
Ex: Although the Renaissance had been a time of considerable achievement, it did not live up to its expectations.
Here, we know that the Renaissance did not live up to its expectations (in the past). However, before it failed to do so, it had been a time of considerable achievement.

In the question at hand:
The fifties now appear to have been...
"appear" is present tense. There is no need to use past perfect. This sentence, with the use of present perfect, means that the fifties were (and may still be today) a time of considerable achievement in the arts.
This is a link which may help you clarify your doubts on use of past/present perfect:
https://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/ten ... erfect.htm



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