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24 Oct 2004, 07:13
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Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
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Question: when do we use "which" and when do we use "that"?
2. The reason why the winged bean can thrive on poor soil is because their roots house bacteria that can turn atmospheric nitrogen into fertilizer.
(A) is because their roots house bacteria that can turn
(B) is because its roots house bacteria which can turn
(C) is that their roots house bacteria turning
(D) is that its roots house bacteria that can turn
(E) being that its roots house bacteria and can turn
2. The reason why the winged bean can thrive on poor soil is because their roots house bacteria that can turn atmospheric nitrogen into fertilizer.
(A) is because their roots house bacteria that can turn
(B) is because its roots house bacteria which can turn
(C) is that their roots house bacteria turning
(D) is that its roots house bacteria that can turn
(E) being that its roots house bacteria and can turn
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24 Oct 2004, 09:59
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B should be it because A fails to have proper pronoun referent "their" which improperly refers to singular noun "beans".
"which" and "that" are both relative pronouns. "that" introduces a restrictive clause whereas "which" could introduce either a restrictive or non-restrictive clause.
restrictive clause: essential information that cannot be removed from a sentence without distorting the sentence's meaning
non-restrictive clause: non-essential information that can be removed
ie The corner store that belongs to Peter is very large
ie The corner store, which belongs to Peter, is very large
In the first example, you know exactly which corner store we are talking about: the one belonging to Peter.
In the second example, "which" is a non-restrictive clause which you can remove without affecting the meaning of the main clause.
So when would you use a restrictive or non-restrictive clause? How are the 2 examples above different?
The first example could be used wherever you are and you would know which corner store we are talking about.
The second example would be used when you are standing in the corner store or pointing at it so that you know exactly which corner store we are talking about. Otherwise, nobody would know which corner store is very large.
Non-restrictive clauses are always set off by commas. In your original question, "which" introduces a restrictive clause because it is not set off by commas. We need to know that it is not just any kind of plants with roots that can thrive in poor soils; it is the ones with roots which house bacteria that can turn atmospheric nitrogen into fertilizer. This is essential information and thus a restrictive clause. In any case, you should have picked B because of the pronoun reference problem in A.
"which" and "that" are both relative pronouns. "that" introduces a restrictive clause whereas "which" could introduce either a restrictive or non-restrictive clause.
restrictive clause: essential information that cannot be removed from a sentence without distorting the sentence's meaning
non-restrictive clause: non-essential information that can be removed
ie The corner store that belongs to Peter is very large
ie The corner store, which belongs to Peter, is very large
In the first example, you know exactly which corner store we are talking about: the one belonging to Peter.
In the second example, "which" is a non-restrictive clause which you can remove without affecting the meaning of the main clause.
So when would you use a restrictive or non-restrictive clause? How are the 2 examples above different?
The first example could be used wherever you are and you would know which corner store we are talking about.
The second example would be used when you are standing in the corner store or pointing at it so that you know exactly which corner store we are talking about. Otherwise, nobody would know which corner store is very large.
Non-restrictive clauses are always set off by commas. In your original question, "which" introduces a restrictive clause because it is not set off by commas. We need to know that it is not just any kind of plants with roots that can thrive in poor soils; it is the ones with roots which house bacteria that can turn atmospheric nitrogen into fertilizer. This is essential information and thus a restrictive clause. In any case, you should have picked B because of the pronoun reference problem in A.
24 Oct 2004, 11:01
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karovd
IMHO correct answer should be "D".
Pronoun narrows the choices between "B" and "D". ("E" is wrong bcoz of awkwardness)
1. As per my ken the question is not about usage of "that" or "which".
"The reason why X do Y is THAT..." is a proper usage. using because after "the reason why" is i tink redundant.
2. "which" often provides additional information and so we seperate the "which" - clause/phrase with comma. Whereas "that" modifies the preceeded noun and so we generally do not seperate that - caluse/phrase with comma.
Considering this rule - choice "D" should be the answer.
It would be interesting to know OA and Explanation.
thanks,
Dharmin
