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Imagine there were just 3 students - A, B, C for the post of President and Vice President.
Total no of combinations is AB, BA, AC, CA, BC, CB. i.e 3p2 ways = 6 ways.

Similarly for 16 students, it will be 16p2 = 240 ways
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Bunuel
Sixteen children are trying to decide which two children will win the president and vice-president positions in the class. Each child can and will cast a vote for anyone in the class. If each child in the class is eligible for a position, how many different outcomes are there of the election?

A. 15
B. 30
C. 60
D. 120
E. 240

We use permutations because the order is important. For example, the two outcomes (James President and Charlie Vice-President) and (Charlie President and James Vice-President) are different from each other..The number of possible outcomes is 16P2 = 16!/14! = 16 x 15 = 240.

Answer: E
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Bunuel
Sixteen children are trying to decide which two children will win the president and vice-president positions in the class. Each child can and will cast a vote for anyone in the class. If each child in the class is eligible for a position, how many different outcomes are there of the election?

A. 15
B. 30
C. 60
D. 120
E. 240


children no selected/not selected
1 yes
2 yes
3 no
.
.
.
16 no

Out of first two children one can be president and the other can be VP or vice-a-versa
but they are not same

total arrangement = 16!

remove arranement of 14 children not selcted
arrangement of each selected, president = 1!
VP = 1!

answer = \(\frac{16!}{14!*1!*1!}\) = 16 * 14 = 240
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By the Fundamental Counting Principle (FCP), we can complete the 2 stages (and thus select a president and vice-president) in (16)(15) ways (240 ways)

Why can't we solve it this way? 16c2=120?

16C2 will get us the different combinations of taking people for VC and P with the order not given any emphasis. In order to consider the order, we will need to multiply by 2! ( as there are two ways to go for VC and P )
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Quote:
By the Fundamental Counting Principle (FCP), we can complete the 2 stages (and thus select a president and vice-president) in (16)(15) ways (240 ways)

Why can't we solve it this way? 16c2=120?

Since they are to be selected for President and Vice President, the order matters (2 people out of the 16 can be selected but one arrangement is that one of them is president and the other is vice president and vice versa for the other arrangement) so you have to multiply 16C2 by 2! to account for those arrangements.
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