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Re: Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped [#permalink]
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I think there are some incorrect answers here. The answer to the third question should be E.
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Re: Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped [#permalink]
3. It can be inferred that in his discussion of maladaptive frailties the author assumes that
A. evolution does not favor the emergence of adaptive characteristics over the emergence of maladaptive onescorrect
B. any structure or behavior not positively adaptive(maladaptive) is regarded as transitory in evolutionary theory-no where in the passage of evolutionary theory mention ‘transitory’….
C. maladaptive characteristics, once fixed, make the emergence of other maladaptive characteristics more likely
D. the designation of a characteristic as being maladaptive must always remain highly tentative
E. changes in the total human environment can outpace evolutionary change



Hi ConnectTheDots

I’m sorry that I cannot quite understand your explanation to Q3
So from these sentences….
Unhappily, some of those frailties—our need for ever increasing security among them—are presently maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction, and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes. We would need to comprehend thoroughly their adaptive origins in order to understand how badly they guide us now.

Is it that the author say…maladaptive has its adaptive origin
So the author view adaptive as important as maladaptive
Thus the author “does not favor the emergence of adaptive characteristics over the emergence of maladaptive ones …”???
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Re: Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped [#permalink]
Hi GMATNinja / generis - Trust you are doing well. Would you be able to help on ques 3?

Appreciate your help!
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Re: Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped [#permalink]
what is the difficulty of each question. i found it quite challenging .
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Re: Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped [#permalink]
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nityakaul02 wrote:
what is the difficulty of each question. i found it quite challenging .


Question #1: 700
Question #2: 700
Question #3: 750

Overall: 700
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Re: Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped [#permalink]
Can someone explain why is E the right answer for question 3?
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Re: Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped [#permalink]
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kntombat wrote:
Can someone explain why is E the right answer for question 3?


Hi

Let us read the portion of the passage referred to in Q3.

Unhappily, some of those frailties—our need for ever increasing security among them—are presently maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction, and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes. We would need to comprehend thoroughly their adaptive origins in order to understand how badly they guide us now. And we might then begin to resist their pressure.

The key word here is "presently", meaning to say that they are maladaptive (defined as "not adjusting adequately or appropriately to the environment or situation") in the present. The author is implying here that, probably, at some point in the past, these "frailties" would have been necessary character traits but they are not so relevant to the present environment in which we live. With this in mind, let us examine the options:

A. evolution does not favor the emergence of adaptive characteristics over the emergence of maladaptive ones The passage states that maladaptive traits are also "biological", which means they would have come about as a result of evolution. Eliminate.

B. any structure or behavior not positively adaptive is regarded as transitory in evolutionary theory There is no discussion about "transitionary" behavior at all. Eliminate.

C. maladaptive characteristics, once fixed, make the emergence of other maladaptive characteristics more likely There is no discussion about such traits leading to emergence of other traits. Eliminate.

D. the designation of a characteristic as being maladaptive must always remain highly tentative No such inference or discussion about these traits being "tentatively" designated (for instance, of such traits changing from being maladaptive to necessary). Eliminate.

E. changes in the total human environment can outpace evolutionary change Since these traits were once necessary but are now considered maladaptive, clearly evolutionary change has not kept pace with changes in human environment. Correct answer.

Hope this helps.
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Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped [#permalink]
A lot of queries about question 3. However, there are no good comprehensive replies.
Posting one here:

Quote:
3. It can be inferred that in his discussion of maladaptive frailties the author assumes that
A. evolution does not favor the emergence of adaptive characteristics over the emergence of maladaptive ones
B. any structure or behavior not positively adaptive is regarded as transitory in evolutionary theory
C. maladaptive characteristics, once fixed, make the emergence of other maladaptive characteristics more likely
D. the designation of a characteristic as being maladaptive must always remain highly tentative
E. changes in the total human environment can outpace evolutionary change



The author implies that changes in the total human environment can outpace evolutionary change in the context of maladaptive frailties.
This can be inferred from the sentence, "Unhappily, some of those frailties—our need for ever increasing security among them—are presently maladaptive."

The author suggests that some of our frailties are no longer adaptive or beneficial in our current environment, which implies that changes in the environment have outpaced evolutionary changes, making certain traits or behaviors maladaptive.

Therefore, option E, "changes in the total human environment can outpace evolutionary change," is the correct answer. The other options are not directly supported by the information in the given paragraph.
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Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped [#permalink]
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