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Difficulty:
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Question Stats:
56% (02:18) correct
44%
(02:25)
wrong
based on 443
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Some scientists have expressed reservations about quantum theory because of its counterintuitive consequences. But despite rigorous attempts to show that quantum theory’s predictions were inaccurate, they were shown to be accurate within the generally accepted statistical margin of error. These results, which have not been equaled by quantum theory’s competitors, warrant acceptance of quantum theory.
Which one of the following principles most helps to justify the reasoning above?
(A) A scientific theory should be accepted if it has fewer counterintuitive consequences than do its competitors.
(B) A scientific theory should be accepted if it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it and has withstood all of them.
(C) The consequences of a scientific theory should not be considered counterintuitive if the theory’s predictions have been found to be accurate.
(D) A theory should not be rejected until it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it.
(E) A theory should be accepted only if its predictions have not been disproved by experiment.
Which one of the following principles most helps to justify the reasoning above?
(A) A scientific theory should be accepted if it has fewer counterintuitive consequences than do its competitors.
(B) A scientific theory should be accepted if it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it and has withstood all of them.
(C) The consequences of a scientific theory should not be considered counterintuitive if the theory’s predictions have been found to be accurate.
(D) A theory should not be rejected until it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it.
(E) A theory should be accepted only if its predictions have not been disproved by experiment.
16 Oct 2021, 08:00
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Some scientists have expressed reservations about quantum theory because of its counterintuitive consequences. But despite rigorous attempts to show that quantum theory’s predictions were inaccurate, they were shown to be accurate within the generally accepted statistical margin of error. These results, which have not been equaled by quantum theory’s competitors, warrant acceptance of quantum theory.
Which one of the following principles most helps to justify the reasoning above?
(A) A scientific theory should be accepted if it has fewer counterintuitive consequences than do its competitors.
(B) A scientific theory should be accepted if it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it and has withstood all of them.
(C) The consequences of a scientific theory should not be considered counterintuitive if the theory’s predictions have been found to be accurate.
(D) A theory should not be rejected until it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it.
(E) A theory should be accepted only if its predictions have not been disproved by experiment.
Which one of the following principles most helps to justify the reasoning above?
(A) A scientific theory should be accepted if it has fewer counterintuitive consequences than do its competitors.
(B) A scientific theory should be accepted if it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it and has withstood all of them.
(C) The consequences of a scientific theory should not be considered counterintuitive if the theory’s predictions have been found to be accurate.
(D) A theory should not be rejected until it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it.
(E) A theory should be accepted only if its predictions have not been disproved by experiment.
EXPLANATION FROM Fox LSAT
Just because a specific attack on a theory has failed does not mean that the theory is correct. Here, the attack of, “Quantum theory’s predictions are inaccurate,” has been disproven, but that doesn’t mean that quantum theory is right. There could be other reasons not to accept quantum theory besides the accuracy of its predictions. That’s how I would weaken the argument. The argument asks us to do the opposite, however. Instead of weakening, we want to strengthen. Ideally, I would make the argument strong by taking the evidence we have and connecting it directly to the conclusion. I see a premise that says, “The predictions were shown to be accurate within the generally accepted statistical margin of error.” I’d like to use that. Ideally, we would find an answer choice that said, “Any theory that makes predictions that are shown to be accurate within the generally accepted statistical margin of error should be accepted.” That’s my dream answer, because if that statement is true then the conclusion (quantum theory should be accepted) must be true.
A) “Fewer counterintuitive consequences” is not the same thing as “accurate within the statistical margin of error.” This isn’t quite what we’re looking for.
B) This isn’t exactly what we were looking for in our prediction, but it’s very similar. It uses the facts (the premises state that quantum theory has faced
“rigorous attempts” to disprove it) and connects those facts directly to the conclusion that quantum theory “should be accepted.” This is a terrific answer.
C) I don’t immediately know what this means, and I wouldn’t even bother figuring it out because B is such a great answer.
D) This would help if we were trying to defend quantum theory from being rejected, but it gets us nowhere in trying to get quantum theory accepted.
E) This would be the correct answer if it said “if” instead of “only if.” The word “only” makes this answer a necessary condition rather than a sufficient condition.
We needed something sufficient in order to prove our case.
B is the only answer that proves the desired conclusion. So our answer is B.
24 Feb 2025, 07:43
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Some scientists have expressed reservations about quantum theory because of its counterintuitive consequences. - Background Info.
But despite rigorous attempts to show that quantum theory’s predictions were inaccurate, they were shown to be accurate within the generally accepted statistical margin of error. - Fact.
These results, which have not been equaled by quantum theory’s competitors, warrant acceptance of quantum theory. - Conclusion. Meaning, Quantum theory has been accurate all the time with generally accepted statistical margin error. And since no other theory has even given results within generally accepted statistical margin error, acceptance of quantum theory is warranted.
Which one of the following principles most helps to justify the reasoning above?
(A) A scientific theory should be accepted if it has fewer counterintuitive consequences than do its competitors. - number of consequences is out of scope.
(B) A scientific theory should be accepted if it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it and has withstood all of them. - Yes.
(C) The consequences of a scientific theory should not be considered counterintuitive if the theory’s predictions have been found to be accurate. - weather it should be considered counterintuitive or not is out of scope.
(D) A theory should not be rejected until it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it. - out of scope.
(E) A theory should be accepted only if its predictions have not been disproved by experiment. - it adds another minimum condition, which is out of scope. We already have a conditional argument. The scope here is strengthen the conclusion and not add another conditionals. Out of scope.
But despite rigorous attempts to show that quantum theory’s predictions were inaccurate, they were shown to be accurate within the generally accepted statistical margin of error. - Fact.
These results, which have not been equaled by quantum theory’s competitors, warrant acceptance of quantum theory. - Conclusion. Meaning, Quantum theory has been accurate all the time with generally accepted statistical margin error. And since no other theory has even given results within generally accepted statistical margin error, acceptance of quantum theory is warranted.
Which one of the following principles most helps to justify the reasoning above?
(A) A scientific theory should be accepted if it has fewer counterintuitive consequences than do its competitors. - number of consequences is out of scope.
(B) A scientific theory should be accepted if it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it and has withstood all of them. - Yes.
(C) The consequences of a scientific theory should not be considered counterintuitive if the theory’s predictions have been found to be accurate. - weather it should be considered counterintuitive or not is out of scope.
(D) A theory should not be rejected until it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it. - out of scope.
(E) A theory should be accepted only if its predictions have not been disproved by experiment. - it adds another minimum condition, which is out of scope. We already have a conditional argument. The scope here is strengthen the conclusion and not add another conditionals. Out of scope.
