carcass wrote:
Studies have long shown that people who drive red cars receive more speeding tickets from the police than do those who drive cars of other colors. Researchers have thus concluded that the color of a car influences its driver’s behavior.
The researchers’ conclusion depends upon which of the following assumptions?
(A) Drivers of black cars receive the second-most speeding tickets.
(B) Red cars do not attract more attention from the police than do cars of other colors.
(C) Police officers do not drive red cars.
(D) Red cars do not receive any more parking tickets, on average, than do cars of other colors.
(E) Drivers of red cars who are ticketed for speeding are able to appeal their tickets moreoften than drivers of other color cars.
Premise:
People who drive red cars receive more speeding tickets from the police than do those who drive cars of other colors.
Conclusion:
The color of a car influences its driver’s behavior.
The argument is valid only if
the number of speeding tickets given to a driver is linked to the person's driving behavior.
When the correct answer is negated, the conclusion will be invalidated.
B, negated:
Red cars attract more attention from the police than do cars of other colors.
Here, the number of speeding tickets given to a driver is linked NOT to the person's driving behavior but to the COLOR OF THE CAR.
Since the blue statement above is not true, the argument falls apart.
Since the negation of B invalidates the argument, B is an ASSUMPTION: a statement that MUST BE TRUE for the argument to be valid.
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