Subordinate Conjunctions

rohitchayal - Ah, I understand the confusion now. The modifier within the phrase is observed by--the word although is still serving as a subordinate conjunction, not as a modifier on its own. Modifiers ending in -ing or -ed (followed by "by") are pretty common on the GMAT™, and I like to look at some amusing examples to help students illustrate the differences in meaning. For your own enjoyment:

Running down the street, I feel and hurt my knee. Correct
Running down the street, my knee got hurt when I fell. Incorrect - The sentence can be interpreted as saying that my knee detached itself from my body, took off down the street, and got hurt at the instant I fell, presumably because one of my knees just removed itself from my upright body and caused me to tip over, and then the knee, not I, got hurt at that instant, perhaps through some sort of quantum entanglement.

Powered by a core processor, the computer was one of my favorites. Correct
Powered by a core processor, I like my computer. Incorrect - Although people speak this way, the sentence can be interpreted as saying that I am powered by a core processor, and unless I am an android, that does not make much sense.

Thank you for providing the sentence in question (for everyone to see, which I think is helpful and kudos-worthy). Yes, I think the author of that explanation could have done a better job clarifying what was what to make the point.

Please let me know if you have further questions. I enjoy discussing grammar issues, even if I approach SC questions through a less strict grammatical lens.

- Andrew

MentorTutoring I totally got this I didn't realise that there was a comma+ed construction in there. ThankYou!

MentorTutoring
A March 2000 Census Bureau survey showed that Mexico accounted for more than a quarter of all foreign-born residents of the United States, the largest share for any country to contribute since 1890, when about 30 percent of the country’s foreign-born population was from Germany.

I know that after a verb act as a reset, SV that SVO according to manhattan guide, and after a noun that acts as a relative pronoun

In the (E) option for the above question

(E) having the largest share to have been contributed by any country

Since a subject has to responsible for the comma+ing action, here what we think should be responsible for the comma+ing action? Census Bureau or Mexico?

Should the translation be

Census Board have the largest share to be contributed by any country
or
Mexico has the largest share to be contributed by any country?

I can answer this one pretty quickly. The comma + -ing action must refer to Mexico, in this case, since a country is referenced, and the Census Board is not a country.

- Andrew

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