Let's break this down step by step.
Step 1: Find the total weight of the original
5 students.
Average =
60, so total =
5 ×
60 =
300 pounds.
Step 2: Find the total weight of all
8 students after the
3 new ones join.
The new average is
60 +
5 =
65 pounds for
8 students.
Total =
8 ×
65 =
520 pounds.
Step 3: Find the combined weight of the
3 new students.
520 -
300 =
220 pounds. So the
3 new students must weigh
220 pounds together.
Step 4: Minimize the lightest new student.
Here's the
key insight: if
3 people must share a total of
220 pounds, and you want one person to weigh as LITTLE as possible, you need to make the other
2 weigh as MUCH as possible.
The problem tells us no student weighs more than
90 pounds. So we max out the other
2 at
90 each.
Lightest new student =
220 -
90 -
90 =
40 pounds.
Answer: B (40)General principle: Whenever a problem asks you to
minimize one value in a group with a fixed total, maximize all the other values. And whenever it asks you to
maximize one value, minimize all the others. This is a classic GMAT strategy for
min/max problems.