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The plant called the scarlet gilia can have either red or white flowers. It
had long been thought that hummingbirds, which forage by day, pollinate its
red flowers and that hawkmoths, which forage at night, pollinate its white
flowers. To try to show that this pattern of pollination by colors exists,
scientists recently covered some scarlet gilia flowers only at night and
others only by day: plants with red flowers covered at night became pollinated;
plants with white flowers covered by day became pollinated.
Which of the following, if true, would be additional evidence to suggest that
hummingbirds are attracted to the red flowers and hwkmoths to the white flowers
of the scarlet gilia?
a. Uncovered scarlet gilia flowers, whether red or white, became pollinated at approximately equal rates.
b. Some red flowers of the scarlet gilia that remained uncovered at all times never became pollinated.
c. White flowers of the scarlet gilia that were covered at night became pollinated with greater frequency than white flowers of the scarlet gilia that were left uncovered.
d. Scarlet gilia plants with red flowers covered by day and scarlet gilia plants with white flowers covered at night remained unpollinated.
e. In late August, when most of the hummingbirds had migrated but hawkmoths were still plentiful, red scarlet gilia plants produced fruit more frequently than they had earlier in the season.
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In other words we need to establish the fact that both Humming birds and hawkmoths pollinate Red and White flowers equally, which we can do if A is true..
If the red flowers are covered during the day and white during the night, then neither will be pollinated. Hummingbirds pollinate red flowers during the day and Hawkmoths pollinate white flowers at night.
Diagramming:
1) Scarlet gilia have either red or white flowers
2) Hummingbirds forage by day, and are thought to pollinate red flowers
3) Hawkmoths forage by night and at thought to pollinate white flowers
4) Scientist covered some scarlet gilia flowers only at night and others only by day
5) Scarlet gilia with Red flowers covered at night --> pollinated --> suggest humming birds pollinaed flowers
6) Scarlet gilia with White flowers covered by day --> pollinated --> suggest hawkmoths pollinated flowers
a. Uncovered scarlet gilia flowers, whether red or white, became pollinated at approximately equal rates.
- Doesn't help
b. Some red flowers of the scarlet gilia that remained uncovered at all times never became pollinated.
- Weakens
c. White flowers of the scarlet gilia that were covered at night became pollinated with greater frequency than white flowers of the scarlet gilia that were left uncovered.
- does not help
d. Scarlet gilia plants with red flowers covered by day and scarlet gilia plants with white flowers covered at night remained unpollinated.
This one would further strengthen the conclusion that hummingbird pollinate red flowers and hawkmoths pollinate white flowers
e. In late August, when most of the hummingbirds had migrated but hawkmoths were still plentiful, red scarlet gilia plants produced fruit more frequently than they had earlier in the season.
- out of scope
The plant called the scarlet gilia can have either red or white flowers. It had long been thought that hummingbirds, which forage by day, pollinate its red flowers and that hawkmoths, which forage at night, pollinate its white flowers. To try to show that this pattern of pollination by colors exists, scientists recently covered some scarlet gilia flowers only at night and others only by day: plants with red flowers covered at night became pollinated; plants with white flowers covered by day became pollinated. Which of the following, if true, would be additional evidence to suggest that hummingbirds are attracted to the red flowers and hwkmoths to the white flowers of the scarlet gilia?
a. Uncovered scarlet gilia flowers, whether red or white, became pollinated at approximately equal rates. b. Some red flowers of the scarlet gilia that remained uncovered at all times never became pollinated. c. White flowers of the scarlet gilia that were covered at night became pollinated with greater frequency than white flowers of the scarlet gilia that were left uncovered. d. Scarlet gilia plants with red flowers covered by day and scarlet gilia plants with white flowers covered at night remained unpollinated. e. In late August, when most of the hummingbirds had migrated but hawkmoths were still plentiful, red scarlet gilia plants produced fruit more frequently than they had earlier in the season.
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The pattern is the conclusion: hummingbirds pollinate red flowers by day and hawkmoths pollinate white flowers at night.
Try to support it.
we must prove that red flowers convered by day unpollinate and white flowers covered at night unpollinate. Thus we can prove different colors of flowers pollinated by different birds.
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