The Shoemaker–Levy comet broke into fragments before colliding with Jupiter in 1994, but astronomers are uncertain of the fragments’ size. Analysis of the ammonia clouds of Jupiter’s outer atmosphere at the impact point showed traces of sulfur not normally present there. Since astronomers believe that the layer of clouds just below the outer atmosphere does contain sulfur, they concluded that the fragments must have been big enough to travel through the outer atmosphere before burning up.
Determining which of the following would be most useful in evaluating the astronomers’ argument?
A. Whether the ammonia clouds of Jupiter’s outer atmosphere were of at least average thickness at the point of impact
B. Whether the traces of sulfur detected in 1994 in the ammonia clouds have since disappeared
C. Whether comets the size of Shoemaker–Levy typically break into fragments before colliding with a planet
D. Whether comet fragments can release sulfur when they burn up
E. Whether the comet fragments would have burned up sooner if they had struck at a different angle
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