Great explanation!
It’s not necessary to have an explicit “past tense” reference in the sentence. All that is required is a past time frame or event on which the past perfect action has bearing.
That being said, the action of “has stimulated” is a completed event that occurred in the past. The fact that it is relevant to the current time frame is the reason why we use the present perfect verb tense. However, both the success of the program and the “stimulating” action are events that occurred in the past.
So, as pointed out, this is not really a violation of “the rule.”
EducationAisle wrote:
dabaobao wrote:
Is "they had not previously considered possible" using past perfect? If so, is it not violating a grammar rule since we don't have 2 events in past?
Hi
dabaobao, this is definitely
past perfect and it is
not a violation of the
rule.
Following two events happened in the past:
(i) stimulated experts to pursue <something>
(ii) earlier, they had not previously considered <something> possible
Clearly, (ii) happened
before (i) and hence, is expressed as
past perfect.
For example, following would also be a correct sentence:
Peter has finally aced the exam that he had earlier not been able to ace.
Again,
ace the exam and
not able to ace earlier, are two events that happened in the past. The event that happened earlier (
not able to ace earlier) is expressed as
past perfect.
Apart from the sentence under consideration, there are other official examples of this nature as well:
The success of the program to eradicate smallpox has stimulated experts to pursue something they had not previously considered possible -- better control, if not eradication, of such infections as measles and yaws. Posted from my mobile device