How to Improve GMAT Quant from Q49 to a Perfect Q51 Updated on Aug 28th, 2020 Many people on the forum are not happy with their 79th percentile Q49 scores. These are good scores, but understandably some require a higher score to beat their competition. This guide is designed to be a comprehensive overview for serious test-takers (those who previously achieved Q49) who are looking to get to the elusive Q51. Important: You only have one shot at the Q51 on your test. You will face a handful of elite questions and you need to be ready to face them. Here is a detailed inventory of the tough Q51 question types, concepts, and tips on how to handle them. For an overview of what question types appear on the GMAT, see this post: https://gmatclub.com/forum/overview-of- ... 11809.html 1. Do I have to get ALL Quant questions right to Q51? Answer: You do not have to answer all questions correctly; however, you must reach the hard questions, which is accomplished by answering 15-20 questions correctly in succession. Since the GMAT Math exam is in CAT form (Computer Adaptive Test), the questions increase in difficulty as you correctly answer questions, and get easier when you answer easy questions incorrectly. Therefore, after answering the first 7 questions correctly, you can expect your score to be around 35-40. These first few questions will be fairly basic and straightforward. In fact, you will have to keep going for a while, as the questions that are representative of a score of 50-51 usually appear after question number 17. Therefore, it is crucial to get the first 17 questions right as otherwise, you will not be able to reach the challenging questions that provide the opportunity to attempt achieving Q50/51. 2. What Concepts/Topics Do I Focus on when Targetting Q51 Score? Overview: It is vital to note in preparation for GMAT Math that Integer Properties, Statistics, Probability, Inequality, and Absolute Value are the 5 most important topics (Key Topics) that account for 60% of the GMAT math questions, and 80-90% of 50-51 level questions. Among them, Integer Properties and Statistics are especially important. If you get every question right in the “Integer” section, your score can go up as high as the mid-40s, and if you get every question right in the “Integer and Statistics” sections, you can expect to achieve a score in the high 40s for the Math section. Thus, it is vital that you correctly answer every key question from these five topics to score a 51. Integer Properties and Statistics . One question format in particular that keeps reoccurring is a question with a combination of 2 or 3 concepts of “different positive integers, median, mean, range, absolute value, and inequality” (that is what we have seen on the test and what we continually hear from our students). Answering it correctly or incorrectly will be the deciding factor in whether you get the perfect score or not – no second chances. These can be both PS or DS questions, and they are especially challenging in the DS section, as they are designed to look deceivingly obvious or simple, for example, questions dealing with 3 variables but only 2 equations/data points. (Note: Math Revolution has a methodology that provides you the knowledge required to answer up to 80% of easy/medium DS questions without solving them by matching the number of variables and the number of equations). It is not easy to solve these types of questions in just two minutes and they are purposely designed this way. Here are 2 examples of the Statistics and Integer Questions: Statistics: There are 3 different positive integers. If their average (the arithmetic mean) is 8, what are their values? 1) The largest integer is twice the smallest integer. 2) One of them is 9. →The correct answer is A . Integer Properties: The smallest of 7 positive integers is 1. Is the range of them greater than 3? 1) The average (the arithmetic mean) of them is 4. 2) The median of them is 4. → The correct answer is A . Logic Questions – On the path to Q51, you must master answering Trick Questions or, as we call them, “Common Mistake Type” questions. If you answer these questions incorrectly, the highest you can achieve is Q49. Side Note: What is a “Common Mistake Type” Trap Question? There are 5 types of questions that GMAT Math test makers design to trap students. Here are 2 of the most commonly used on the DS: DS Common Mistake Type 4 (A): If answer choice C seems too attractive and obvious, go back and check choice A or B alone. Look at the example below. If m and n are integers, is mn even? (1) m = 5. (2) m and n are consecutive integers. → The correct answer is B . DS Common Mistake Type 4 (B) If answer choice A or B seems too attractive and obvious, consider answer choice D. Look at the example below. If a, b, c, and d are different positive odd numbers, what is the median of the numbers? (1) a + b + c + d = 16. (2) The product of 3 numbers of a, b, c, or d is 15. → The correct answer is D . TIP! Important to note that the GMAC likes to use DS questions as the deciding factor for their Q50/Q51 scores…. most likely because DS questions are unique to the GMAT and thus provide a good level “measuring stick” even for individuals with a strong quantitative background. Therefore, if you are looking to score Q51, you will need to pay especially careful attention to the DS questions and learn how to spot Common Mistake Type questions. 3. Analysis of Specific Question Types to Master for Q51 DS Tips: As mentioned above, Integer and Statistics are the main chapters to focus on DS. Besides the “Mistake Type”, one specific type of DS questions to master is Hidden Integer Questions. These questions often present prices of products, the number of fruit, coins, people, stamps, cars, etc as “hidden integers”. These are countable numbers that are not given to increase complexity. These are logic questions and you should solve them logically rather than calculation. It is possible to calculate and solve these questions that way but it takes much longer and a lengthy calculation is exactly the trap the test wants to catch you with – to waste your time and slow you down. Integer Properties: M bought several pencils. If each pencil cost either 23-cent or 21-cent, how many 23-cent pencils did M buy? 1) M bought a total of 6 pencils 2) The total price of all pencils M bought was 130 cents → The answer choice C is very attractive, but the correct answer is B . Pencil is a hidden integer, but if you don’t recognize this fact, you would say C is the answer. In addition, Statement 1 is actually not giving you any helpful information Among Common Mistake Type questions, there are many cases in which A or B easily seems like a correct answer – when, in fact, D is the correct answer. One or two questions of this type play a decisive role in leading to a perfect 51. Integer Properties: Numbers a and b are positive integers. If a^4 - b^4 is divided by 3, what is the remainder? 1) When a + b is divided by 3, the remainder is 0. 2) When a 2 + b 2 is divided by 3, the remainder is 2. → The correct answer is D . In addition, You should be comfortable tackling inequality problems such as “greater than” and “less than” questions if you want to get a perfect 51. You should practice these so that your mind clicks when asked to figure out the minimum value (if asked “greater than”) and the maximum value (if asked “less than”). Statistics: There are five homes. If the median price of a home is $200,000, is the range of all prices greater than $80,000? 1) The average price of the five homes is $240,000. 2) Three of the five homes have the same price. → C looks like a right answer choice at first. However, the correct answer is A . Of course we would be incomplete if we did not include the famous DS Probability questions that you are likely to see on your quest to Q51. Here is an example: Probability: There are only apples and oranges in a box. What is the probability that the fruit selected at random from the box is an apple? 1) There are 2 apples in the box 2) The ratio of the number of apples to the number of oranges is 1 to 4. → C looks like a right answer choice, but the correct answer choice is B . In case of Absolute Value questions, a question regarding the relationship among |a|, a, and -a will determine a perfect 51. Absolute value: If |r|>|s|, is r>s? 1) r>0 2) s>0 → C is an attractive answer choice but A is a correct answer. Problem Solving Tips Be prepared to see questions about finding Hidden Integers and problems on the so-called “Pigeonhole Principle”. You have a good chance of seeing one of them. We have provided the definition of the Hidden Integer questions above in the DS section. Tip: if you see integer questions just like the number of fruits, people, animals, stamps, and candies, it is a good chance you are facing this question type. The name of Pigeonhole principle comes from the old problem of having to calculate the number of cases of pigeons entering pigeon lofts. (it will more clear once you read the example below). Integer Properties: There are 10 red balls, 10 blue balls, and 10 white balls in a box. What is the maximum number of balls you can draw from the box and have fewer than 5 balls of the same color drawn? A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 10 E. 12 → This question asks for the maximum number of balls you can have, so the correct answer should be the unluckiest case. If you draw 4 red balls, 4 blue balls and 4 white balls all together, there can be no more than 4 balls of the same color. Hence, the correct answer choice is E . Questions related to Murphy’s Law and Sally’s Law are the questions for a perfect 51 in PS. * (Integer) There are 5 locks and 5 keys and each of the 5 keys matches each of the 5 locks. What is the minimum and the maximum trial numbers of attempts needed to confirm that each of the 5 keys matches each of the 5 locks? A. 5,15 B. 4,15 C. 5,10 D. 4,10 E. 5,20 → D is the correct answer choice. Can you figure out how to solve it quickly? Good – remember this approach so you can refer to it on your test. 5. Conclusion In this way, a perfect 51 is not an outcome of luck; you have to concentrate to excel in Integer and Statistics parts to that end. Especially, DS questions often will be the determining factor of a perfect Q51, and, therefore, you should not be misled by Mistake types. Please pay special attention to the Mistake type questions. Please remember solving 37 questions in 75 minutes in the actual GMAT exam is a big challenge. You will need to manage time effectively to solve hard questions in 2 minutes or less per question. How can you reduce the time spent per question significantly? Since GMAT is a logical test, you should not question whether you can solve a problem or not, but you should practice reaching answers logically without having to solve problems. *** We are math experts and if you find any grammatical issues – that is because we spend all of our time focusing on math; sorry grammar. Note that the information herein is based on the knowledge and experience of Max Lee, who taught 30,000+ students and solved 100,000+ problems in the past 15 years. He discovered and analyzed types of GMAT Math questions after continuous and numerous interviews with students who have achieved a score of 49 to 51 in the actual GMAT exam. Thus, please note that the information is herein is based solely on the experience of Max Lee. Due to the nature of the test and lack of transparency about the algorithm this guide is a best-effort attempt based on the best information available. If you have any questions or different information, please post it here for the benefit of the community.

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If x and y are positive integers, is xy even?

1) x+y is odd
2) x^y is even

==> If you modify the original condition and the question, in order to get xy=even, it can either be x=even? or y=even?. For con 1), from (x,y)=(odd,even),(even,odd), you always get yes, hence it is sufficient. For con 2), you always get x=even, hence it is yes and sufficient.

The answer is D.
Answer: D

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If n is the product of 3 same prime numbers and 1 different prime number, then how many different factors of n are there?

A. 6
B. 8
C. 9
D. 12
E. 18

==> You get n=(3)(3)(3)(5), which becomes n=3^3*5^1. Thus, the number of factors of n becomes (3+1)(1+1)=8.

The answer is B.
Answer: B

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02 Aug 2017, 18:03

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John travelled for 12hrs. What is the total average speed?

1) For the first 8hrs, he travelled 60miles per 1hr.
2) For the last 8hrs, he travelled 50miles per 1hr.

==> In the original condition, he is travelling 12 hours, and for con 1) and con 2), it is divided into 8hrs each. Thus, the distance of first 4hrs, the second 4hrs, and the last 4hrs are unknown, hence there are too many variables.

The answer is E.
Answer: E

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When n is divided by 4, the remainder is 3. If 3^n+2 is divided by 5, what is the remainder?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 0

==> You get n=4p+3, which becomes 3^n+2=3^{4p+3}+2=(3^4)^p(3^3)+2=(~1)^p(27)+2=(~1)(27)+2=(~7)+2=~9. Thus, the remainder when it is divided by 5 becomes 4.

The answer is D.
Answer: D

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What is the sum of all digits of 2^{13}5^7?

A. 3
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
E. 10

==> You get 2^{13}5^7=2^6(2^75^7)=64(10^7)=640,000,000. The sum of the 0's at the back always becomes 0, so you get 6+4=10.

The answer is E.
Answer: E

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Is p/m>0?

1) p>m
2) pm>0.

==> If you modify the original condition and the question, from is p/m>0?, you multiply m^2 on both sides, you get (Squared number is always positive, so even if you multiply, the inequality sign doesn't change) p/m(m^2)>0(m^2)?, which becomes pm>0?.

The answer is B.
Answer: B

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If a, b, and c are positive integers, is (a+b)c divisible by 3?

1) 2-digit integer ab is divisible by 3.
2) When c is divided by 3, the remainder is 0.

==> If you modify the original condition and the question, in order to have (a+b)c to be divided by 3, a+b or c has to be divided by 3. However, if you look at con 2), c is divisible by 3, hence it is yes and sufficient. For con 1), ab is also divisible by 3, and thus a+b is also divisible by 3, hence it is yes and sufficient. Therefore, the answer is D. This type of question is a 5051-level question which applies CMT 4 (B: if you get A or B too easily, consider D).

Answer: D

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There are 5 apples in a bag. 4 apples are good but 1 apple is rotten. If you take out 2 apples from the bag, what is the probability that 1 apple selected is rotten?

A. 1/3
B. 1/4
C.2/5
D. 3/5
E.1/7

==> From probability=want/total, want=selecting one rotten apple and one good apple, and total=selecting 2 of 4 apples, so you get
probability=4C1*1C1/5C2=(4)(1)/(5*4/2!)=4/10=2/5.

The answer is C.
Answer: C

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There is a sequence of r, t, s, 1, 4, 3, 8, 15, 26. Each number of the sequence is the sum of the 3 previous numbers. r=?

A. -2
B. -1
C. 0
D. 1
E. 2

==> You get r+t+s=1, from t+s+1=4, you get t+s=3, and from r+t+s=r+3=1, you get r=1-3=-2.

The answer is A.
Answer: A

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When A works alone, it takes 14hrs, and when A works with B together, it takes 10hrs. How many hours does it take B to work alone?

A. 30hrs
B. 33hrs
C. 35hrs
D. 37hrs
E. 40hrs

==> For work rate questions, you solve “together and alone” reciprocally. It takes A 14hrs alone, and if you set the hours it took B to work alone as B hrs, from (1/14)+(1/B)=1/10 and 1/B=(1/10)-(1/14)=1/35, you get B=35.

The answer is C.
Answer: C

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If y≠0, is |x/y|=x/y?
1) |xy|=xy
2) |x/y|=|x|/|y|

==> If you modify the original condition and the question, in order to get |x/y|=x/y, you get x/y≥0?, and if you multiply y^2 on both sides, you get xy≥0?. Then, for con 1), to satisfy |xy|=xy, you get xy≥0, hence yes, it is sufficient. For con 2), if x=y=2, yes, but if x=2 and y=-1, no, hence it is not sufficient.

The answer is A.
Answer: A

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If x, y are positive integers, is xy=1?

1) x^2y^2=xy
2) 1/y=x.

==> In the original condition, there are 2 variables (x,y) and in order to match the number of variables to the number of equations, there must be 2 equations. Since there is 1 for con 1) and 1 for con 2), C is most likely to be the answer. By solving con 1) and con 2), for con 2), you get xy=1, hence it is unique and sufficient. For con 1), from (xy)^2-xy=0, xy(xy-1)=0, you get xy=0,1, but since x and y are positive, you get xy=1, and thus con 1) = con 2).

The answer is D.
Answer: D

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What is the remainder, when n(n+2) is divided by 24 for a positive integer x?

1) n is an even integer
2) n has remainder 0 or 1 when it is divided by 3.

=>Condition 1)
There are two kinds of even integers, which are n = 4k or n = 4k + 2 for some integer k. That means n could have 0 or 2 as a remainder when it is divided by n. If n = 4k, n(n+2) = 4k(4k+2) = 8k(2k+1) and n(n+1) is a multiple of 8. If n= 4k+2, n(n+2) = (4k+2)(4k+2+2) = 2(2k+1)*4(k+1) = 8(2k+1)(k+1) and n(n+1) is a multiple of 8. For both cases, n(n+1) is a multiple of 8. However, we can’t identify the remainder when it is divided by 3 from the condition 1).

Condition 2)
n = 3k or n = 3k +1. If n = 3k, n(n+2) = 3k(3k+2) is a multiple of 3. If n = 3k + 1, n(n+2) = (3k+1)(3k+3) = 3(3k+1)(k+1) is a multiple of 3. Thus, for both cases, n(n+1) is a multiple of 3. However, we can’t identify the remainder when it is divided by 8 from the condition 2).

Condition 1) & 2)
From the condition 1), n(n+1) is a multiple of 8. And n(n+1) is a multiple of 3 from the condition 2). Therefore, n(n+1) is a multiple of 24 from the both conditions 1) & 2) together.

Ans: C

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Is x=y?

1) x^4+y^4=2x^2y^2
2) x^4+y^4=0

==> In the original condition, there are 2 variables (x,y) and in order to match the number of variables to the number of equations, there must be 2 equations. Since there is 1 for con 1) and 1 for con 2), C is most likely to be the answer. By solving con 1) and con 2), for con 1), from x^4+y^4-2x^2y^2=0, (x^2-y^2)2=0, you get x^2=y^2, and from x=±y, yes and no coexists, hence it is not sufficient. For con 2), you only get x=y=0, hence yes, it is sufficient.

The answer is B.
Answer: B

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If 10^n< 0.000025 <10^{n+1}, what is the value of an integer n?

A. -5 B. -4 C. -3 D. 4 E. 5

=>0.00001 < 0.000025 < 0.0001
10^{-5} < 0.000025 < 10^{-4}

Ans: A

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Is the total profit from the sales of 3 products greater than $6?

1) The least profit from the sales of the 3 products is at least $2.1
2) The 2nd largest profit from the sales of the 3 products is at least $3.1.

=>Condition 1)
Since the minimum profit of 3 products is $2.1, the total profit of them is greater than or equal to $2.1 x 3 = $6.3, which is greater than $6.
Thus this is sufficient.

Condition 2)
Since the 3nd largest profit is at least $3.1, the sum of the first and the second products is at least $6.2, which is greater than $6.
Thus this is sufficient too.

Ans: D

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In a certain conference, if all the n attendees shake hands 105 times, what is the value of n?

A. 10 B. 12 C. 15 D. 16 E. 18

=>
nC2 = 105.
n(n-1)/(1*2) = 105
n(n-1) = 210
n(n-1) = 15*14

Thus n = 15.

Ans: C

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23 Aug 2017, 18:33

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If x-7=√x+√7 , x=?

A. 8+2√7 B. 8-2√7 C. 8+√7 D. 8-√7 E. 7+2√8

=>x-7=√x+√7
(√x+√7 )(√x-√7)=√x+√7
√x-√7=1
√x = 1 +√7
x = (1 +√7)2 = 8 +2√7

Ans: A

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24 Aug 2017, 18:03

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If 11!/(11-r)!<1,000, what is the greatest possible value of r?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

=> 11! / (11-r)! = 11*(11-1)*…*(11-r+1)

r = 1 : 11 < 1,000
r = 2 : 11*10 = 110 < 1,000
r = 3 : 11*10*9 = 990 < 1,000
r = 4 : 11*10*9*8 = 7290 > 1,000

r = 3

Ans: C

MathRevolution

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27 Aug 2017, 19:17

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Is a positive integer x an odd number?

1) The smallest prime factor of x is 7.
2) The greatest prime factor of x is 7.

=>Condition 1)
2 cannot be a factor of x, since the smallest prime factor of x is 7.

Condition 2)
Consider n = 2 and n =3.

Ans: A

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