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Those who participate in risky sports often do so to confront their fears. For example, rock climbers are more likely than others to have once suffered from a fear of heights. Those who participate in such risk-taking activities also have more self-confidence than others, so it is probably true that confronting one's fears increases one's self-confidence.
Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the reasoning above?
(A) Often those who suffer from fears such as a fear of heights either do not know that they suffer from those fears or do not know the extent to which they suffer from them.
(B) In general, people who currently participate in risky sports had above-average self-confidence even before participating in any risky sport.
(C) Most people who refrain from engaging in risky sports refrain from doing so for reasons other than a fear of death or injury.
(D) Participating in risky sports is not the only way to confront one's fears.
(E) Most of those who do not participate in risky sports believe that they lack the capacity to excel in such activities.
Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the reasoning above?
(A) Often those who suffer from fears such as a fear of heights either do not know that they suffer from those fears or do not know the extent to which they suffer from them.
(B) In general, people who currently participate in risky sports had above-average self-confidence even before participating in any risky sport.
(C) Most people who refrain from engaging in risky sports refrain from doing so for reasons other than a fear of death or injury.
(D) Participating in risky sports is not the only way to confront one's fears.
(E) Most of those who do not participate in risky sports believe that they lack the capacity to excel in such activities.
20 May 2026, 09:00
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Those who participate in risky sports often do so to confront their fears. For example, rock climbers are more likely than others to have once suffered from a fear of heights. Those who participate in such risk-taking activities also have more self-confidence than others, so it is probably true that confronting one's fears increases one's self-confidence.
Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the reasoning above?
The argument concludes that confronting fears increases self-confidence because people who do risky sports often confront fears and also have more self-confidence. The weakness is causation: maybe they already had high self-confidence before doing risky sports, rather than gaining it from confronting their fears.
(A) Often those who suffer from fears such as a fear of heights either do not know that they suffer from those fears or do not know the extent to which they suffer from them.
Wrong. This does not show that confronting fears fails to increase self-confidence.
(B) In general, people who currently participate in risky sports had above-average self-confidence even before participating in any risky sport.
Correct. If risky-sport participants already had above-average self-confidence before doing risky sports, then their higher confidence may not have been caused by confronting their fears. This directly weakens the argument.
(C) Most people who refrain from engaging in risky sports refrain from doing so for reasons other than a fear of death or injury.
Wrong. The argument is about people who do participate in risky sports, not why others avoid them.
(D) Participating in risky sports is not the only way to confront one's fears.
Wrong. The argument does not claim risky sports are the only way to confront fears.
(E) Most of those who do not participate in risky sports believe that they lack the capacity to excel in such activities.
Wrong. This may explain why some people avoid risky sports, but it does not weaken the claim that confronting fears increases self-confidence.
Answer: (B)
Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the reasoning above?
The argument concludes that confronting fears increases self-confidence because people who do risky sports often confront fears and also have more self-confidence. The weakness is causation: maybe they already had high self-confidence before doing risky sports, rather than gaining it from confronting their fears.
(A) Often those who suffer from fears such as a fear of heights either do not know that they suffer from those fears or do not know the extent to which they suffer from them.
Wrong. This does not show that confronting fears fails to increase self-confidence.
(B) In general, people who currently participate in risky sports had above-average self-confidence even before participating in any risky sport.
Correct. If risky-sport participants already had above-average self-confidence before doing risky sports, then their higher confidence may not have been caused by confronting their fears. This directly weakens the argument.
(C) Most people who refrain from engaging in risky sports refrain from doing so for reasons other than a fear of death or injury.
Wrong. The argument is about people who do participate in risky sports, not why others avoid them.
(D) Participating in risky sports is not the only way to confront one's fears.
Wrong. The argument does not claim risky sports are the only way to confront fears.
(E) Most of those who do not participate in risky sports believe that they lack the capacity to excel in such activities.
Wrong. This may explain why some people avoid risky sports, but it does not weaken the claim that confronting fears increases self-confidence.
Answer: (B)
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