To many citizens of Napoleonic-era France,
before Haiti was Haiti, it was Dominique, a small province of France that produced sugar cane, rum, and tobacco.
Option Elimination -
(A) before Haiti was Haiti, it was Dominique - The sequence is before Haiti was Haiti, it "that place" was Dominique. So Dominique transformed into Haiti, or Dominique existed before it transformed into Haiti- okay
(B) Haiti was Dominique, before there was a Haiti - So firstly, "before there was Haiti," that Haiti did not exist before a specific period? But that's not true. The land or areas of Haiti have always existed; it is just that a name change or Dominque transformed into Haiti.
Secondly," before there (placeholder subject) was a Haiti," Haiti was Dominiue. This means that before there was Haiti, Haiti existed while it was still Dominique. So, did Haiti exist before there was Haiti? No.
(C) before there was Haiti, it was Dominique - The same issue as B, just the sequence is reversed. OK, does it mean "before there was Haiti" that Haiti did not exist before a specific period? But that's not true. The land or areas of Haiti have always existed; it is just that a name change or Dominque transformed into Haiti.
(D) Haiti was what was known as Dominique - ok. So Dominique has ceased to exist. But the intended meaning is that Dominique existed before it transformed into Haiti, not that Haiti replaces Dominique.
(E) Haiti was what had been referred to as Dominique. - It has the same issue as D, just that it adds past perfect and a "reference." Which means that the reference to Dominique has ceased to exist. However, the intended meaning is that Dominique existed before it was transformed into Haiti rather than being non-referencable or disregarded.