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04 May 2026, 06:49
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D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
68% (01:57) correct
32%
(02:13)
wrong
based on 140
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Tom: Executives in this country make around 85 times what the average worker earns. This is an extraordinarily large disparity, and therefore public resentment over the size of executives' salaries is justified.
Martha: Such resentment is not justified, since wealth is created by taking risks and making decisions, actions most people prefer to avoid. Generous rewards for those who choose not to avoid these actions are both fair and necessary.
Tom: I think you misunderstood me. I'm not saying that people resent that there is a large disparity here between executives' salaries and workers' salaries, but rather they resent that it is atypically large: in other countries executives earn only 20 or 30 times what the average worker earns.
Tom responds to Martha's critique in which one of the following ways?
(A) He strengthens his own position by tacitly agreeing to drop one of his original premises and introduces a new line of argument defending his original conclusion.
(B) He introduces evidence showing that a generalization Martha has made regarding the creation of wealth is unwarranted because it is not based on any evidence.
(C) He undermines Martha's position by pointing out that Martha has made two contradictory assertions in support of the same claim.
(D) He undermines the relevance of Martha's objection by making explicit his grounds for judging that the disparity at issue is unjustifiably large.
(E) He raises considerations that call into question the grounds on which Martha bases her conclusion.
Martha: Such resentment is not justified, since wealth is created by taking risks and making decisions, actions most people prefer to avoid. Generous rewards for those who choose not to avoid these actions are both fair and necessary.
Tom: I think you misunderstood me. I'm not saying that people resent that there is a large disparity here between executives' salaries and workers' salaries, but rather they resent that it is atypically large: in other countries executives earn only 20 or 30 times what the average worker earns.
Tom responds to Martha's critique in which one of the following ways?
(A) He strengthens his own position by tacitly agreeing to drop one of his original premises and introduces a new line of argument defending his original conclusion.
(B) He introduces evidence showing that a generalization Martha has made regarding the creation of wealth is unwarranted because it is not based on any evidence.
(C) He undermines Martha's position by pointing out that Martha has made two contradictory assertions in support of the same claim.
(D) He undermines the relevance of Martha's objection by making explicit his grounds for judging that the disparity at issue is unjustifiably large.
(E) He raises considerations that call into question the grounds on which Martha bases her conclusion.
04 May 2026, 07:37
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context: Tom clarifies Martha misunderstood his claim. He’s not saying people resent disparity itself, but that the disparity is unusually large compared to other countries (20–30x).
prethinking: Tom is not attacking Martha’s logic directly; he’s refining his own position to show her objection misses the point. He gives the standard (comparison to other countries) to justify why the disparity is too large.
elimination:
A: no sign he drops a premise and rebuilds → no
B: nothing about wealth creation generalization → no
C: no accusation of contradiction → no
D: yes — he clarifies his standard (atypically large vs other countries), making her objection less relevant → fits
E: not questioning her grounds directly → no
answer: D
prethinking: Tom is not attacking Martha’s logic directly; he’s refining his own position to show her objection misses the point. He gives the standard (comparison to other countries) to justify why the disparity is too large.
elimination:
A: no sign he drops a premise and rebuilds → no
B: nothing about wealth creation generalization → no
C: no accusation of contradiction → no
D: yes — he clarifies his standard (atypically large vs other countries), making her objection less relevant → fits
E: not questioning her grounds directly → no
answer: D
04 May 2026, 09:30
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Tom: Executives in this country make around 85 times what the average worker earns. This is an extraordinarily large disparity, and therefore public resentment over the size of executives' salaries is justified.
Martha: Such resentment is not justified, since wealth is created by taking risks and making decisions, actions most people prefer to avoid. Generous rewards for those who choose not to avoid these actions are both fair and necessary.
Tom: I think you misunderstood me. I'm not saying that people resent that there is a large disparity here between executives' salaries and workers' salaries, but rather they resent that it is atypically large: in other countries executives earn only 20 or 30 times what the average worker earns.
Tom responds to Martha's critique in which one of the following ways?
Tom’s original point is not simply that executives earn more than workers. His point is that the gap is extraordinarily large. Martha responds as if Tom were objecting to high executive pay generally. Tom then clarifies that the resentment is about the unusually large size of the gap, not about the mere existence of a gap.
(A) He strengthens his own position by tacitly agreeing to drop one of his original premises and introduces a new line of argument defending his original conclusion.
Wrong. Tom does not drop a premise. He clarifies what his original premise meant.
(B) He introduces evidence showing that a generalization Martha has made regarding the creation of wealth is unwarranted because it is not based on any evidence.
Wrong. Tom does not challenge Martha’s claim about wealth being created by risk-taking and decision-making.
(C) He undermines Martha's position by pointing out that Martha has made two contradictory assertions in support of the same claim.
Wrong. Tom does not claim that Martha contradicts herself.
(D) He undermines the relevance of Martha's objection by making explicit his grounds for judging that the disparity at issue is unjustifiably large.
Correct. Martha attacks the idea that large salary differences are unfair in general. Tom replies that his objection is more specific: the disparity is atypically large compared with other countries. That makes Martha’s response less relevant to his actual argument.
(E) He raises considerations that call into question the grounds on which Martha bases her conclusion.
Wrong. Tom does not challenge Martha’s reasoning directly. He shows that her objection misses the specific basis of his claim.
Answer: (D)
Martha: Such resentment is not justified, since wealth is created by taking risks and making decisions, actions most people prefer to avoid. Generous rewards for those who choose not to avoid these actions are both fair and necessary.
Tom: I think you misunderstood me. I'm not saying that people resent that there is a large disparity here between executives' salaries and workers' salaries, but rather they resent that it is atypically large: in other countries executives earn only 20 or 30 times what the average worker earns.
Tom responds to Martha's critique in which one of the following ways?
Tom’s original point is not simply that executives earn more than workers. His point is that the gap is extraordinarily large. Martha responds as if Tom were objecting to high executive pay generally. Tom then clarifies that the resentment is about the unusually large size of the gap, not about the mere existence of a gap.
(A) He strengthens his own position by tacitly agreeing to drop one of his original premises and introduces a new line of argument defending his original conclusion.
Wrong. Tom does not drop a premise. He clarifies what his original premise meant.
(B) He introduces evidence showing that a generalization Martha has made regarding the creation of wealth is unwarranted because it is not based on any evidence.
Wrong. Tom does not challenge Martha’s claim about wealth being created by risk-taking and decision-making.
(C) He undermines Martha's position by pointing out that Martha has made two contradictory assertions in support of the same claim.
Wrong. Tom does not claim that Martha contradicts herself.
(D) He undermines the relevance of Martha's objection by making explicit his grounds for judging that the disparity at issue is unjustifiably large.
Correct. Martha attacks the idea that large salary differences are unfair in general. Tom replies that his objection is more specific: the disparity is atypically large compared with other countries. That makes Martha’s response less relevant to his actual argument.
(E) He raises considerations that call into question the grounds on which Martha bases her conclusion.
Wrong. Tom does not challenge Martha’s reasoning directly. He shows that her objection misses the specific basis of his claim.
Answer: (D)
06 Jul 2026, 08:43
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OE for reference:
Overview:
Tom gives an argument concluding that public resentment over the size of executives' salaries is justified, and Martha counters by arguing that it is not. Tom then defends his conclusion by claiming that, and showing how, Martha has misconstrued his argument.
Tom bases his argument on the observation that the disparity between the salaries earned by executives and those earned by average workers is extraordinarily large. Martha explains why she thinks that it is acceptable for this disparity to be large. But this does not fully engage Tom's point. Tom counters Martha's response by pointing out that the key fact for him is that the disparity is atypically large in their country.
The Correct Answer:
D Martha's objection is essentially an argument in favor of there being a salary gap. For Tom, however, the issue is not the existence of a salary gap but what he sees as its excessive size in their country. In his response to Martha, Tom compares the salary gap in their country to that in other countries, thereby making explicit his reason for thinking the gap is excessively large. Since Martha has argued only that some gap is justified, Tom's response undermines the relevance of her objection. Thus (D) is a good description of how Tom responds to Martha's critique.
The Incorrect Answer Choices:
A Tom initially argues on the basis of two premises: the fact that executives in their country make 85 times what the average worker earns, and the judgment that this salary gap is extraordinarily large. In responding to Martha, he drops neither premise. Rather, he cites further facts in support of the judgment that the size of the salary gap in their country is uncommonly large. (A) does not, therefore, describe how Tom responds to Martha's critique.
B Tom questions the relevance of Martha's generalizations to his main point, but he does not question whether those generalizations are warranted. (B), therefore, misdescribes Tom's response to Martha's critique.
C Although Martha's conclusion contradicts Tom's, her conclusion is not itself based on contradictory assertions, nor does Tom claim that she has made any such contradictory assertions. So (C) does not describe how Tom responds to Martha's critique.
E Although Tom raises considerations that call into question Martha's conclusion, he says nothing to challenge any of the grounds she offers in support of that conclusion. What Tom does is give a fuller account of the grounds on which he bases his own conclusion. So (E) misdescribes Tom's response to Martha's critique.
Overview:
Tom gives an argument concluding that public resentment over the size of executives' salaries is justified, and Martha counters by arguing that it is not. Tom then defends his conclusion by claiming that, and showing how, Martha has misconstrued his argument.
Tom bases his argument on the observation that the disparity between the salaries earned by executives and those earned by average workers is extraordinarily large. Martha explains why she thinks that it is acceptable for this disparity to be large. But this does not fully engage Tom's point. Tom counters Martha's response by pointing out that the key fact for him is that the disparity is atypically large in their country.
The Correct Answer:
D Martha's objection is essentially an argument in favor of there being a salary gap. For Tom, however, the issue is not the existence of a salary gap but what he sees as its excessive size in their country. In his response to Martha, Tom compares the salary gap in their country to that in other countries, thereby making explicit his reason for thinking the gap is excessively large. Since Martha has argued only that some gap is justified, Tom's response undermines the relevance of her objection. Thus (D) is a good description of how Tom responds to Martha's critique.
The Incorrect Answer Choices:
A Tom initially argues on the basis of two premises: the fact that executives in their country make 85 times what the average worker earns, and the judgment that this salary gap is extraordinarily large. In responding to Martha, he drops neither premise. Rather, he cites further facts in support of the judgment that the size of the salary gap in their country is uncommonly large. (A) does not, therefore, describe how Tom responds to Martha's critique.
B Tom questions the relevance of Martha's generalizations to his main point, but he does not question whether those generalizations are warranted. (B), therefore, misdescribes Tom's response to Martha's critique.
C Although Martha's conclusion contradicts Tom's, her conclusion is not itself based on contradictory assertions, nor does Tom claim that she has made any such contradictory assertions. So (C) does not describe how Tom responds to Martha's critique.
E Although Tom raises considerations that call into question Martha's conclusion, he says nothing to challenge any of the grounds she offers in support of that conclusion. What Tom does is give a fuller account of the grounds on which he bases his own conclusion. So (E) misdescribes Tom's response to Martha's critique.
