As we bust our behinds trying to get the best GMAT score and put together the most carefully crafted applications, I thought it would be nice to share this article I found. We can dream about how things were different back then.
Yale Law School had no admissions test requirements. Harvard undergrad admitted 90% of applicants. Who knows, maybe Univ of Phoenix will be extremely selective in another 100 years.
Enjoy!
(I can't link to the article, but you can find it on the NYT website. The images of the ads the schools took out are fascinating.)
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Remembering When College Was a Buyer’s Bazaar
By ALISON LEIGH COWAN
Tens of thousands of starry-eyed students apply to America’s most exclusive colleges each fall and tens of thousands of hearts are broken each spring, much as they will be this week as graduating seniors hear from the Ivy League.
It was not always thus.
A stroll through classified ads from more than a century ago shows that college was once a buyer’s bazaar for qualified students, and universities rolled out the welcome mat and reached out for the students they coveted.
Top-drawer universities like Harvard and Columbia advertised for students steadily through August and September right up to opening day and offered entrance exams the weekend before classes resumed to give students every chance of taking and passing them.
Harvard even played down the difficulty of its entrance exam in ads, reprinted above, that it placed in The New York Times in September 1870, noting that of the 210 candidates who took its test the June before, “185 were admitted.”
In other words, nearly seven out of eight candidates who sat for the exam made the cut, a statistic that few selective colleges these days would pay money to broadcast.
Just to the left of that admission in the Sept. 27, 1870, newspaper — a Tuesday — another frequent advertiser, Columbia College, was spreading the word in its ad that spots could still be had in its freshman class when classes resumed on Monday, Oct. 3. Candidates for admission, it stated, would “be received” at the college that Friday and Saturday, no appointment necessary.
(Readers who are stunned to learn that students without plans in September could find themselves ensconced in a top-flight university by October will be forgiven if they need a moment to fetch the smelling salts.)
Just as startling to modern readers are the ways colleges tried to stand out from the crowd and maintain their dignity among ads for pocket watches, steamship bookings and other essentials of late 19th-century life.
The City of University of New York promised “free tuition” in bare-bone ads it ran in September 1871.
Vassar dangled posh room assignments. Ads it ran in September 1867 recounted how its trustees had appropriated “some of the most desirable rooms in the Professors’ houses,” for student use. As a result, 50 additional collegians could be “well accommodated” on its Poughkeepsie, N.Y., campus. “Early applicants will be admitted first, if qualified,’’ the college noted in a coy attempt to get prospective students to take the bait, er, hint.
In fairness to those who attended these august institutions way back when, what the ads neglect to mention are the impressive credentials that incoming students were expected to bring with them. (As the ads above reflect, colleges occasionally allowed prospects to correct deficiencies as a condition of admission.)
Harvard University Archives, HUC 7000.2 Box 1; Photo: Rick Friedman for The New York Times Click for sample questions from Harvard’s 1869 entrance exam (pdf).
Harvard’s literature from the 1869-70 school year noted that incoming freshmen were expected to know how to write in Latin and Greek “with the accents” and needed to demonstrate knowledge of “the whole of Virgil,” Caesar’s Commentaries, and Felton’s Greek Reader or comparable texts. Readers up to the challenge can peruse sample questions from the July 1869 admission exam by clicking here. [pdf]
The entrance exam also covered ancient and modern geography, history, English and mathematical topics up to quadratic equations. Knowledge of the metric system became de rigueur as of 1868. Physics, mercifully, was only added in 1876.
Given the entrance requirements, Timothy J. Gilfoyle, chairman of the history department at Loyola University, said he was not surprised to learn of the colleges’ need for back-to-school ads.
“The rise of the elite schools which have competitive admissions is a post-World War II phenomenon, maybe even a post-1960 phenomenon,’’ said Professor Gilfoyle, a graduate of Columbia University. “Most people never got past the eighth grade in the 19th century, and these schools just didn’t have many people to recruit from.”
Colleges like Harvard and Columbia, he said, were “very elite blue-blood, upper crust institutions,’’ and “they just had a small potential pool of applications.”
That is clearly no longer their problem.
Harvard disclosed on Wednesday that it had extended 2,158 offers of admission this fall to 34,950 applicants, 6.17 percent of the pool. Those odds are not even 1 out of 16.
Columbia, which saw a 32 percent groundswell in interest this year with the adoption of the Common Application, is now second in the Ivy League in terms of popularity. It sifted through 34,929 applications (only 21 fewer than Harvard) and made 2,419 offers of admission, an admit rate just shy of 7 percent.
Though not for the faint of heart, back issues of The New York Times are also studded with ads from leading graduate schools working hard to make good impressions.
In an ad hovering over a pitch for cured hams on Oct. 7, 1871, Columbia Law School assured applicants that (unlike some rivals) its graduates were “admitted to the bar without further examination.”
Harvard Law opted instead to drop the names of distinguished faculty members in ads it ran from 1868 to 1871. And Yale Law School, one of the most sought-after law schools on the planet, ran ads in August 1868, a time when its own future within Yale University was rocky, regaling students with reasons to consider New Haven.
They included “access to library without extra charge,” eight weeks of fall vacation, three weeks of spring vacation and a two-week recess “embracing Christmas and New Year.” And, the ad noted, “students can enter or leave at any time.”
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