Momentarily mask the modifier wherever possible to get a clear picture.
A. for Billy Joel, one of the most prolific song writers and recording artists of the 70's and 80's, to no longer be writing new music and releasing hit songs - for Billy Joel is an acceptabale idiom. - This is the best.
B. that Billy Joel, one of the most prolific song writers and recording artists of the 70's and 80's that decided to no longer write new music and release hit songs --- Total upset of the meaning; this choice implies that the writers and artists of the 70’s and the 80’s are no longer writing or releasing. Wrong
C. that Billy Joel, one of the most prolific song writers and recording artists of the 70's and 80's, no longer wrote new music nor released hit songs --. You see, the main clause is in the present. No longer also means current times. No longer wrote is flagrant shift of tense.
D. for Billy Joel, among the most prolific song writers and recording artists of the 70's and 80's, happen to no longer be writing new music and releasing hit songs --- for Billy Joel happen to no longer is weird.
E. that Billy Joel, one of the most prolific song writers and recording artists of the 70's and 80's, to no longer be writing new music and no longer releasing hit songs – A relative clause needs a verb and there is no sign of a verb in the relative clause