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(A) It was believed that a thorough knowledge of Latin would not only enable students to read the classics, also enabling them to think clearly and precisely.
--not only..but also is the correct idiom.
--enable students is not parallel to enabling them

(B) It had been believed that a thorough knowledge of Latin would not only enable students to read the classics but rather enable them to think clearly and precisely.
--Imp: not only X but also Y emphasize on both X and Y equally.
--Here it seems enabling them to think....blah blah is more important than enable students to read classic

(C) It was believed that a thorough knowledge of Latin would not only enable students to read the classics but also enabling them to think clearly and precisely.
-- enable students to read is not parallel to enabling them

(D) It used to be believed that a thorough knowledge of Latin would enable a student to be able to read the classics but also enable them to think clearly and precisely.
--change of meaning
--It used to be believed?? Who used to believe? ..If we use to believe..then what now?

(E) It was believed that a thorough knowledge of Latin would enable students not only to read the classics, but also to think clearly and precisely.
--Perfect No errors.
--not only to enable is parallel with but also to think
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It was believed that a thorough knowledge of Latin would not only enable students to read the classics, also enabling them to think clearly and precisely.

Explanation:

(A) It was believed that a thorough knowledge of Latin would not only enable students to read the classics, also enabling them to think clearly and precisely.
Idiom "Not only X but also Y" required here in place of ungrammatically laced Not only X ,also Y structure.

(B) It had been believed that a thorough knowledge of Latin would not only enable students to read the classics but rather enable them to think clearly and precisely.
"Not only X but rather Y" is unidiomatic usage.Idiom "Not only X but also Y" required here.

(C) It was believed that a thorough knowledge of Latin would not only enable students to read the classics but also enabling them to think clearly and precisely.
Idiom "Not only X but also Y" used here but Elements X and Y are not parallel in construction

(D) It used to be believed that a thorough knowledge of Latin would enable a student to be able to read the classics but also enable them to think clearly and precisely.
Sudden contrast inserted by "BUT" makes the construction really awkward.Pronoun antecedent error for plural pronoun "them"(Referred Noun "a student" is singular)

(E) It was believed that a thorough knowledge of Latin would enable students not only to read the classics, but also to think clearly and precisely.
Correct.Proper usage of Idiom "Not only X but also Y" .Elements X and Y are also parallel giving logically intended meaning to sentence.

Hence E is the correct answer.
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Correct form: "Not only X but also Y"

(A) It was believed that a thorough knowledge of Latin would not only enable students to read the classics, also enabling them to think clearly and precisely.
"Not only X also Y" is incorrect
Also would enabling them is not correct

(B) It had been believed that a thorough knowledge of Latin would not only enable students to read the classics but rather enable them to think clearly and precisely.
"Not only X but rather Y" is incorrect

(C) It was believed that a thorough knowledge of Latin would not only enable students to read the classics but also enabling them to think clearly and precisely.
"Not only X but also Y" form; however, enable is not parallel to enabling


(D) It used to be believed that a thorough knowledge of Latin would enable a student to be able to read the classics but also enable them to think clearly and precisely.
missing "not only"

(E) It was believed that a thorough knowledge of Latin would enable students not only to read the classics, but also to think clearly and precisely.
"Not only X but also Y". Correct. Also, when the stem can be connected logically to both X and Y.

E is the correct answer
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It was believed that a thorough knowledge of Latin would not only enable students to read the classics, also enabling them to think clearly and precisely.

Phrase being tested is Not only.. but also. The phrases following not only, but also should be parallel in all respects.

(A) It was believed that a thorough knowledge of Latin would not only enable students to read the classics, also enabling them to think clearly and precisely.

(B) It had been believed that a thorough knowledge of Latin would not only enable students to read the classics but rather enable them to think clearly and precisely.

(C) It was believed that a thorough knowledge of Latin would not only enable students to read the classics but also enabling them to think clearly and precisely.

(D) It used to be believed that a thorough knowledge of Latin would enable a student to be able to read the classics but also enable them to think clearly and precisely.

(E) It was believed that a thorough knowledge of Latin would enable students not only to read the classics, but also to think clearly and precisely.

Hence, E is the correct answer choice.
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