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Updated on: 20 Jun 2020, 08:48
Originally posted by pathy on 15 Feb 2020, 18:27.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 20 Jun 2020, 08:48, edited 2 times in total.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 20 Jun 2020, 08:48, edited 2 times in total.
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Question 1
E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
69% (01:56) correct
31%
(01:47) wrong
based on 403
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
69% (01:14) correct 31%
(01:27) wrong
based on 375
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
72% (01:11) correct 28%
(01:20) wrong
based on 384
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 4
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
67% (01:01) correct 33%
(00:56) wrong
based on 363
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Project RC Butler 2020 - Participate and win GMAT Club Tests.
Passage # 162 Date: 20-Jun-2020
This post is a part of Project RC Butler 2020. Click here for Details
Passage # 162 Date: 20-Jun-2020
This post is a part of Project RC Butler 2020. Click here for Details
1998 11 SECTION B 17-20
From the 1900’s through the 1950’s waitresses in the United States developed a form of unionism based on the unions’ defining the skills that their occupation included and enforcing standards for the performance of those skills. This “occupational unionism” differed substantially from the “worksite unionism” prevalent among factory workers. Rather than unionizing the workforces of particular employers, waitress locals sought to control their occupation throughout a city. Occupational unionism operated through union hiring halls, which provided free placement services to employers who agreed to hire their personnel only through the union. Hiring halls offered union waitresses collective employment security, not individual job security—a basic protection offered by worksite unions. That is, when a waitress lost her job, the local did not intervene with her employer but placed her elsewhere; and when jobs were scarce, the work hours available were distributed fairly among all members rather than being assigned according to seniority.
From the 1900’s through the 1950’s waitresses in the United States developed a form of unionism based on the unions’ defining the skills that their occupation included and enforcing standards for the performance of those skills. This “occupational unionism” differed substantially from the “worksite unionism” prevalent among factory workers. Rather than unionizing the workforces of particular employers, waitress locals sought to control their occupation throughout a city. Occupational unionism operated through union hiring halls, which provided free placement services to employers who agreed to hire their personnel only through the union. Hiring halls offered union waitresses collective employment security, not individual job security—a basic protection offered by worksite unions. That is, when a waitress lost her job, the local did not intervene with her employer but placed her elsewhere; and when jobs were scarce, the work hours available were distributed fairly among all members rather than being assigned according to seniority.
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) analyze a current trend in relation to the past
(B) discuss a particular solution to a longstanding problem
(C) analyze changes in the way that certain standards have been enforced
(D) apply a generalization to an unusual situation
(E) describe an approach by contrasting it with another approach
(A) analyze a current trend in relation to the past
(B) discuss a particular solution to a longstanding problem
(C) analyze changes in the way that certain standards have been enforced
(D) apply a generalization to an unusual situation
(E) describe an approach by contrasting it with another approach
2. Which of the following statements best summarizes a distinction mentioned in the passage between waitress unions and factory workers’ unions?
(A) Waitress unions were more successful than factory workers’ unions in that they were able to unionize whole cities.
(B) Waitress unions had an impact on only certain local areas, whereas the impact of factory workers’ unions was national.
(C) Waitress union members held primarily part-time positions, whereas factory workers’ unions placed their members in full-time jobs.
(D) Waitress unions emphasized the occupation of workers, whereas factory workers’ unions emphasized the worksite at which workers were employed.
(E) Waitress unions defined the skills of their trade, whereas the skills of factory trades were determined by employers’ groups.
(A) Waitress unions were more successful than factory workers’ unions in that they were able to unionize whole cities.
(B) Waitress unions had an impact on only certain local areas, whereas the impact of factory workers’ unions was national.
(C) Waitress union members held primarily part-time positions, whereas factory workers’ unions placed their members in full-time jobs.
(D) Waitress unions emphasized the occupation of workers, whereas factory workers’ unions emphasized the worksite at which workers were employed.
(E) Waitress unions defined the skills of their trade, whereas the skills of factory trades were determined by employers’ groups.
3. According to the passage, which of the following was characteristic of the form of union that United States waitresses developed in the first half of the twentieth century?
(A) The union represented a wide variety of restaurant and hotel service occupations.
(B) The union defined the skills required of waitresses and disciplined its members to meet certain standards.
(C) The union billed employers for its members’ work and distributed the earnings among all members.
(D) The union negotiated the enforcement of occupational standards with each employer whose workforce joined the union.
(E) The union ensured that a worker could not be laid off arbitrarily by an employer.
(A) The union represented a wide variety of restaurant and hotel service occupations.
(B) The union defined the skills required of waitresses and disciplined its members to meet certain standards.
(C) The union billed employers for its members’ work and distributed the earnings among all members.
(D) The union negotiated the enforcement of occupational standards with each employer whose workforce joined the union.
(E) The union ensured that a worker could not be laid off arbitrarily by an employer.
4. The author of the passage mentions “particular employers” (Highlighted) primarily in order to
(A) suggest that occupational unions found some employers difficult to satisfy
(B) indicate that the occupational unions served some employers but not others
(C) emphasize the unique focus of occupational unionism
(D) accentuate the hostility of some employers toward occupational unionism
(E) point out a weakness of worksite unionism
(A) suggest that occupational unions found some employers difficult to satisfy
(B) indicate that the occupational unions served some employers but not others
(C) emphasize the unique focus of occupational unionism
(D) accentuate the hostility of some employers toward occupational unionism
(E) point out a weakness of worksite unionism
27 Mar 2020, 22:34
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hey, can someone please explain why option E is wrong in question no. 4 ?
19 Mar 2021, 11:10
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1. Primary purpose of the passage :
Answer E : Describe an approach by contrasting it with another approach ---- Initial lines of the paragraph shows how waitress union works differently from any other union.
2.Distinction between waitress unions and factory workers’ unions:
Answer D : Waitress unions emphasized the occupation of workers, whereas factory workers’ unions emphasized the worksite at which workers were employed ------ Lines "defining the skills that their occupation included " "“worksite unionism” prevalent among factory workers"
3. Characteristic deployed in the first half of 20th century:
Answer B : The union defined the skills required of waitresses and disciplined its members to meet certain standards. ------- Lines " Defining the skills their occupation included and enforcing standards for performance of those skills "
Answer E : Describe an approach by contrasting it with another approach ---- Initial lines of the paragraph shows how waitress union works differently from any other union.
2.Distinction between waitress unions and factory workers’ unions:
Answer D : Waitress unions emphasized the occupation of workers, whereas factory workers’ unions emphasized the worksite at which workers were employed ------ Lines "defining the skills that their occupation included " "“worksite unionism” prevalent among factory workers"
3. Characteristic deployed in the first half of 20th century:
Answer B : The union defined the skills required of waitresses and disciplined its members to meet certain standards. ------- Lines " Defining the skills their occupation included and enforcing standards for performance of those skills "
