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MT1302
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Physician: Heart disease generally affects men at an earlier age than 09 Apr 2024, 20:33
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Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!

Difficulty:

95% (hard)

Question Stats:

46% (01:58) correct 54% (02:02) wrong based on 680 sessions

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­Physician: Heart disease generally affects men at an earlier age than it does women, who tend to experience heart disease after menopause. Both sexes have the hormones estrogen and testosterone, but when they are relatively young, men have ten times as much testosterone as women, and women abruptly lose estrogen after menopause. We can conclude, then, that testosterone tends to promote, and estrogen tends to inhibit, heart disease.

The physician's argument is questionable because it presumes which one of the following without providing sufficient justification?

A. Hormones are the primary factors that account for the differences in age-related heart disease risks between women and men.

B. Estrogen and testosterone are the only hormones that promote or inhibit heart disease.

C. Men with high testosterone levels have a greater risk for heart disease than do postmenopausal women.

D. Because hormone levels are correlated with heart disease they influence heart disease.

E. Hormone levels do not vary from person to person, especially among those of the same age and gender.­
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gmatophobia
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Physician: Heart disease generally affects men at an earlier age than 10 Apr 2024, 00:19
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MT1302
­Physician: Heart disease generally affects men at an earlier age than it does women, who tend to experience heart disease after menopause. Both sexes have the hormones estrogen and testosterone, but when they are relatively young, men have ten times as much testosterone as women, and women abruptly lose estrogen after menopause. We can conclude, then, that testosterone tends to promote, and estrogen tends to inhibit, heart disease.

The physician's argument is questionable because it presumes which one of the following without providing sufficient justification?

A. Hormones are the primary factors that account for the differences in age-related heart disease risks between women and men.

B. Estrogen and testosterone are the only hormones that promote or inhibit heart disease.

C. Men with high testosterone levels have a greater risk for heart disease than do postmenopausal women.

D. Because hormone levels are correlated with heart disease they influence heart disease.

E. Hormone levels do not vary from person to person, especially among those of the same age and gender.­
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Conclusion of the argument: We can conclude, then, that testosterone tends to promote, and estrogen tends to inhibit, heart disease.

Reasoning Provided: The author concludes based on the correlation provided in the above sentence "Both sexes have the hormones estrogen and testosterone, but when they are relatively young, men have ten times as much testosterone as women, and women abruptly lose estrogen after menopause. "

Answer Choice Elimination:

A. Hormones are the primary factors that account for the differences in age-related heart disease risks between women and men.

Incorrect. The physician's argument doesn't explicitly state that hormones are the primary factors causing the age-related differences in heart disease risks between men and women. It merely suggests a correlation between hormone levels and heart disease risk.

B. Estrogen and testosterone are the only hormones that promote or inhibit heart disease.

Similar to A, the physician doesn't exclude other hormones.

C. Men with high testosterone levels have a greater risk for heart disease than do postmenopausal women.

Out of scope. The argument doesn't compare risk levels between men and postmenopausal women.

D. Because hormone levels are correlated with heart disease they influence heart disease.

The physician's argument assumes that because there is a correlation between hormone levels and heart disease risk (i.e., men having higher testosterone levels and experiencing heart disease earlier, while women lose estrogen after menopause and experience heart disease later), there is a causal relationship between hormones and heart disease. However, correlation does not necessarily imply causation, and the argument fails to provide sufficient evidence to establish a causal link between hormone levels and heart disease. Therefore, this option is correct.

E. Hormone levels do not vary from person to person, especially among those of the same age and gender.­

Incorrect. The physician talks about general trends, not absolute levels in every individual.

Option D
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ameya.satyawadi
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Physician: Heart disease generally affects men at an earlier age than 01 Jun 2026, 09:34
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gmatophobia

Conclusion of the argument: We can conclude, then, that testosterone tends to promote, and estrogen tends to inhibit, heart disease.

Reasoning Provided: The author concludes based on the correlation provided in the above sentence "Both sexes have the hormones estrogen and testosterone, but when they are relatively young, men have ten times as much testosterone as women, and women abruptly lose estrogen after menopause. "

Answer Choice Elimination:

A. Hormones are the primary factors that account for the differences in age-related heart disease risks between women and men.

Incorrect. The physician's argument doesn't explicitly state that hormones are the primary factors causing the age-related differences in heart disease risks between men and women. It merely suggests a correlation between hormone levels and heart disease risk.

B. Estrogen and testosterone are the only hormones that promote or inhibit heart disease.

Similar to A, the physician doesn't exclude other hormones.

C. Men with high testosterone levels have a greater risk for heart disease than do postmenopausal women.

Out of scope. The argument doesn't compare risk levels between men and postmenopausal women.

D. Because hormone levels are correlated with heart disease they influence heart disease.

The physician's argument assumes that because there is a correlation between hormone levels and heart disease risk (i.e., men having higher testosterone levels and experiencing heart disease earlier, while women lose estrogen after menopause and experience heart disease later), there is a causal relationship between hormones and heart disease. However, correlation does not necessarily imply causation, and the argument fails to provide sufficient evidence to establish a causal link between hormone levels and heart disease. Therefore, this option is correct.

E. Hormone levels do not vary from person to person, especially among those of the same age and gender.­

Incorrect. The physician talks about general trends, not absolute levels in every individual.

Option D
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Hi gmatphobia but the para clearly states at the end that testosterone is promoting heart disease and estrogen is limiting it so there is a sense of causation taking place so why can't OA be the answer I can't clearly get why he have eliminated that
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Physician: Heart disease generally affects men at an earlier age than 02 Jun 2026, 22:15
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Physician: Heart disease generally affects men at an earlier age than it does women, who tend to experience heart disease after menopause. Both sexes have the hormones estrogen and testosterone, but when they are relatively young, men have ten times as much testosterone as women, and women abruptly lose estrogen after menopause. We can conclude, then, that testosterone tends to promote, and estrogen tends to inhibit, heart disease.

The physician's argument is questionable because it presumes which one of the following without providing sufficient justification?

The physician observes a pattern: men have more testosterone and get heart disease earlier; women lose estrogen after menopause and then tend to experience heart disease. From this, the physician concludes that testosterone promotes heart disease and estrogen inhibits it. The flaw is causal: the argument treats a hormonal correlation as evidence of hormonal causation.

A. Hormones are the primary factors that account for the differences in age-related heart disease risks between women and men.

This is too strong. The argument does not need to assume hormones are the primary factors; it only needs to assume that hormone levels have some causal influence on heart disease.

B. Estrogen and testosterone are the only hormones that promote or inhibit heart disease.

This is also too strong. The argument does not claim that no other hormones matter.

C. Men with high testosterone levels have a greater risk for heart disease than do postmenopausal women.

This is not required. The argument compares general timing patterns, not the risk levels of these two specific groups.

D. Because hormone levels are correlated with heart disease they influence heart disease.

This is correct. The physician moves from a correlation between hormone patterns and heart disease timing to the conclusion that the hormones cause or prevent heart disease. That causal step is not justified by the evidence given.

E. Hormone levels do not vary from person to person, especially among those of the same age and gender.

This is not required. The argument can allow individual variation and still try to make a general claim about hormonal effects.

Answer: (D)
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