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BF1 : Author's main conclusion.
BF2: provides support to BF1, hence, Intermediate Conclusion because it gets support from last sentence of the arg.
Hence B
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In bold face questions, first identify the conclusion as you'll do for other type of questions. And then take the bf sentences one by one and see whose side is it one. It is a fact or an opinion. If it is a fact, then whom does it support. If an opinion whose, does it side with.

Here the conclusion is - but in this case the accusation is plainly unwarranted - the first bold face; the second bf is evidence that the author uses/explanation he gives for his conclusion

Option A - the first half itself is wrong - consideration the argument rejects? eliminate
Option B - the first part is correct, but the second part is not a conclusion - eliminate
Option C - first part is correct, the second is also correct - hold on
Option D - the second part is absolutely irrelevant - eliminate
Option E - conclusion is states explicitly - eliminate

Final choice, option C
Bunuel
A major donor to the Northbridge Research Institute has recently claimed that the institute is poorly managed, citing as evidence the institute’s failure to slow the submission of new project proposals in response to a sharp increase in the amount of unspent research funds. It is unclear whether public accusations by donors ever help institutions function better, but in this case the accusation is plainly unwarranted. It is true that a growing balance of unspent funds often signals that research projects are stalled, yet at Northbridge it suggests nothing of the kind. The rise in unspent funds is entirely due to large multiyear grants that have already been awarded to specific projects but are scheduled to be drawn down only in later phases of those projects.

In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

(A) The first presents a consideration that the argument ultimately rejects; the second describes evidence that the argument uses to undermine that consideration.
(B) The first expresses the author’s overall conclusion; the second is a more specific conclusion drawn to help support that overall conclusion.
(C) The first states a claim made by someone the author disagrees with; the second summarizes the author’s main reason for rejecting that claim.
(D) The first introduces a general attitude toward outside criticism; the second presents a claim that the remainder of the argument attempts to refute.
(E) The first and second both report factual observations that the author uses as support for a further conclusion not stated explicitly.

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BF1: Author's claim, not aligned with donor's claim. This is main conclusion
BF2: Claim supporting author's claim above. This is followed by a supporting premise

A - it's not a claim argument rejects
B - correct, in line with above analysis
C - it's not someone else's claim, it's author's claim
D - it's not aa general attitude, BF2 is not a claim being refuted
E - BF1 is the main conclusion not support for another conclusion, also BF1 is not a factual observation

Bunuel
A major donor to the Northbridge Research Institute has recently claimed that the institute is poorly managed, citing as evidence the institute’s failure to slow the submission of new project proposals in response to a sharp increase in the amount of unspent research funds. It is unclear whether public accusations by donors ever help institutions function better, but in this case the accusation is plainly unwarranted. It is true that a growing balance of unspent funds often signals that research projects are stalled, yet at Northbridge it suggests nothing of the kind. The rise in unspent funds is entirely due to large multiyear grants that have already been awarded to specific projects but are scheduled to be drawn down only in later phases of those projects.

In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

(A) The first presents a consideration that the argument ultimately rejects; the second describes evidence that the argument uses to undermine that consideration.
(B) The first expresses the author’s overall conclusion; the second is a more specific conclusion drawn to help support that overall conclusion.
(C) The first states a claim made by someone the author disagrees with; the second summarizes the author’s main reason for rejecting that claim.
(D) The first introduces a general attitude toward outside criticism; the second presents a claim that the remainder of the argument attempts to refute.
(E) The first and second both report factual observations that the author uses as support for a further conclusion not stated explicitly.

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Bunuel
A major donor to the Northbridge Research Institute has recently claimed that the institute is poorly managed, citing as evidence the institute’s failure to slow the submission of new project proposals in response to a sharp increase in the amount of unspent research funds. It is unclear whether public accusations by donors ever help institutions function better, but in this case the accusation is plainly unwarranted. It is true that a growing balance of unspent funds often signals that research projects are stalled, yet at Northbridge it suggests nothing of the kind. The rise in unspent funds is entirely due to large multiyear grants that have already been awarded to specific projects but are scheduled to be drawn down only in later phases of those projects.

In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

(A) The first presents a consideration that the argument ultimately rejects; the second describes evidence that the argument uses to undermine that consideration.
(B) The first expresses the author’s overall conclusion; the second is a more specific conclusion drawn to help support that overall conclusion.
(C) The first states a claim made by someone the author disagrees with; the second summarizes the author’s main reason for rejecting that claim.
(D) The first introduces a general attitude toward outside criticism; the second presents a claim that the remainder of the argument attempts to refute.
(E) The first and second both report factual observations that the author uses as support for a further conclusion not stated explicitly.

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Structure of argument:
• A donor claims that the institute is poorly managed.
• The author say accusation is unwarranted.
• The author concedes a general principle: rising unspent funds often signal stalled projects.
* Then the author explains why that principle does not apply here: the unspent fund is due to multiyear grants scheduled for later use.

Roles of boldfaced statement:
FIRST: State a claim made by someone the author disagrees with.
SECOND: Gives the author's main reason for rejecting the claim.

Hence, OPTION C.
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A major donor to the Northbridge Research Institute has recently claimed that the institute is poorly managed, citing as evidence the institute’s failure to slow the submission of new project proposals in response to a sharp increase in the amount of unspent research funds. It is unclear whether public accusations by donors ever help institutions function better, but in this case the accusation is plainly unwarranted. It is true that a growing balance of unspent funds often signals that research projects are stalled, yet at Northbridge it suggests nothing of the kind. The rise in unspent funds is entirely due to large multiyear grants that have already been awarded to specific projects but are scheduled to be drawn down only in later phases of those projects.

BF 1 : accusation made by donor that money is not spent and new project proposals are being not done .. increase in unspent research funds...
BF 2 : reason of not spending of funds is cited and also nothing of this kind is being done..


In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

(A) The first presents a consideration that the argument ultimately rejects; the second describes evidence that the argument uses to undermine that consideration.

This is correct as in BF 1 consideration is ultimately rejected in argument and BF 2 is giving evidence to undermine the consideration raised in BF 1

(B) The first expresses the author’s overall conclusion; the second is a more specific conclusion drawn to help support that overall conclusion.
BF 1 is not overall conclusion and BF 2 is not conclusion specific

(C) The first states a claim made by someone the author disagrees with; the second summarizes the author’s main reason for rejecting that claim.
total disagreement made to public accusation by donors not someone specific... BF 2 is summary to rejecting the BF1 conclusion

(D) The first introduces a general attitude toward outside criticism; the second presents a claim that the remainder of the argument attempts to refute.
BF1 is not general attitude towards criticism and BF 2 is not remainder to refute...

(E) The first and second both report factual observations that the author uses as support for a further conclusion not stated explicitly.
BF 1 & BF 2 are not factual observations...

OPTION A is correct
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The first boldface is author main point that accusation in this case is plainly unwarranted. Laso this directly contradicts the donors claim. The second boldface “at northbridge it suggests nothing of the kind” only add supoorts to the first boldface.

A. The first one is not rejected instead itis later supported by second boldface.....No
B. The dirst one is overall conlcusion and the second one supports that overall conclusion.......Answer
C. The author does not disagree with the first one, and It is the authors own opinion......No
D. The first bowl face is not a general attitude.......No
E. Neither bold face is a factual observation......No

B
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2 Boldfaced portion B1, B2.

Explanation:
A major donor to NB research institute.............research funds : This first lines is a claim by donor backed by evidence.
Now, Author doubts if this claim be any helpful but confirms or concludes that this is definitely not needed here because although unspent balance suggest that projects are stalled but in this case of particular institute this is not the case as there are multiyear grants that are being used currently, so the remaining unspent will be used later.

So based on above explanation:
It is pretty much clear that these 2 B1, B2 are acting as overall conclusion and sub conclusion.
where B1 is overall and B2 is supporting.

Hence option (B).

Option
A: No, B1 is not the statement or idea that's being rejected here.
C: B1 is not a claim or a statement that's been done by someone else, it is done by author himself
D: Same as A, idea of B2 is not being rejected here.
E: B1, B2 are not facts.
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Donor's claim - Unspent fund increased but proposal submission was not slowed.
Author's view - Unspent amount is already earmarked for multi year projects, and hence, donor's claim are not valid.

Observations from boldface
1st boldface - Accusations are unwarranted. Conclusion of the author
2nd boldface - Projects are not stalled at Northbridge. Support for why the accusations are unwarranted.

A . Argument is not rejecting the first consideration, hence no
B. 1st is the overall conclusion and 2nd support this conclusion. Exactly what the statements represent.
C. The author does not disagree with the claim, hence no
D. 1st is not a general attitude rather the conclusion. 2nd doesn't refute the claim, rather it supports it. Hence no
E. No factual observations are reported, hence no

Ans - B
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Option B , the first boldfaced statement is final conclusion, the conclusion made by donor that research institute is not working properly based on the unspent fund is not correct. second bold face is supporting the main conclusion.
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Bunuel
A major donor to the Northbridge Research Institute has recently claimed that the institute is poorly managed, citing as evidence the institute’s failure to slow the submission of new project proposals in response to a sharp increase in the amount of unspent research funds. It is unclear whether public accusations by donors ever help institutions function better, but in this case the accusation is plainly unwarranted. It is true that a growing balance of unspent funds often signals that research projects are stalled, yet at Northbridge it suggests nothing of the kind. The rise in unspent funds is entirely due to large multiyear grants that have already been awarded to specific projects but are scheduled to be drawn down only in later phases of those projects.

In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

(A) The first presents a consideration that the argument ultimately rejects; the second describes evidence that the argument uses to undermine that consideration.
(B) The first expresses the author’s overall conclusion; the second is a more specific conclusion drawn to help support that overall conclusion.
(C) The first states a claim made by someone the author disagrees with; the second summarizes the author’s main reason for rejecting that claim.
(D) The first introduces a general attitude toward outside criticism; the second presents a claim that the remainder of the argument attempts to refute.
(E) The first and second both report factual observations that the author uses as support for a further conclusion not stated explicitly.

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both boldfaced are the conclusions that the author is making.

A) first part is wrong
B)this is correct, correctly captures the both sentence as conclusion of the author
C) first part is wrong
D)first part is wrong
E) not any factual observation
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(A) The first presents a consideration that the argument ultimately rejects; the second describes evidence that the argument uses to undermine that consideration. First the Argument doesn't reject but rather supports. second is nearly correct
(B) The first expresses the author’s overall conclusion; the second is a more specific conclusion drawn to help support that overall conclusion. Correct. First is authors conclusion & author used the second as evidence to support this conclusion.
(C) The first states a claim made by someone the author disagrees with; the second summarizes the author’s main reason for rejecting that claim. First is the claim by author
(D) The first introduces a general attitude toward outside criticism; the second presents a claim that the remainder of the argument attempts to refute. First is the conclusion & not a general premise. second is not refuted but used as evidence to support.
(E) The first and second both report factual observations that the author uses as support for a further conclusion not stated explicitly. First is not any fact but claim by the author.

Ans B
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Option A 1st BF isn't a consideration.
Option B Correct however review all options
Option C 1st BF isn't a claim
Option D 1st BF isn't a general attitude
Option E None is factual observation
Bunuel
A major donor to the Northbridge Research Institute has recently claimed that the institute is poorly managed, citing as evidence the institute’s failure to slow the submission of new project proposals in response to a sharp increase in the amount of unspent research funds. It is unclear whether public accusations by donors ever help institutions function better, but in this case the accusation is plainly unwarranted. It is true that a growing balance of unspent funds often signals that research projects are stalled, yet at Northbridge it suggests nothing of the kind. The rise in unspent funds is entirely due to large multiyear grants that have already been awarded to specific projects but are scheduled to be drawn down only in later phases of those projects.

In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

(A) The first presents a consideration that the argument ultimately rejects; the second describes evidence that the argument uses to undermine that consideration.
(B) The first expresses the author’s overall conclusion; the second is a more specific conclusion drawn to help support that overall conclusion.
(C) The first states a claim made by someone the author disagrees with; the second summarizes the author’s main reason for rejecting that claim.
(D) The first introduces a general attitude toward outside criticism; the second presents a claim that the remainder of the argument attempts to refute.
(E) The first and second both report factual observations that the author uses as support for a further conclusion not stated explicitly.

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From the argument stem, we can understand that the first BF is the actual conclusion of the argument. Every other premise and even an intermediate conclusion all argue the point that the public accusation by the donors in this case were unwarranted. The second BF is also conclusion that ultimately supports the first BF

A- the first BF is not rejected by the argument but rather the conclusion. The second BF strengthens the first and does not undermine . Not correct

B - this is in line with the initial thought process. Therefore, our answer.

C - author doesn’t disagree with first BF. Second BF does not help the author in rejecting first BF

D - first BF is not a general attitude, but the attitude of the author. The second BF is not refuted by the author at any point

E - Both the BFs cannot be stated as facts

Therefore, Option B
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B

A. incorrect. The first statement is the author's opinion, so it cannot be something the author rejects. The statement supports the authors conclusion, it doesn't undermine it.
B. correct. The first statement gives the main conclusion, the second one explains why that conclusion must be true.
C. Incorrect. The first claim is the author's opinion, not something he disagrees with. The second statement is not a summary of something said earlier, but a new claim.
D. incorrect. The first claim is not a general criticism, but something specific to this case. The argument considers the second claim true.
E. incorrect. The first statement is the conclusion, not something that supports the conclusion. The second statement directly supports a conclusion that has already been stated.
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Answer: B

Overall context: The author is arguing that an accusation that a research institute is being poorly managed is unwarranted and provides evidence to support that claim, providing an alternative explanation for the evidence used by the accuser.

A - The first boldface statement, 'the accusation is plainly unwarranted' is not being rejected by the author, it is the author's main point. After seeing the first half of this answer choice we can eliminate it.

B - The first boldface is the arguments overall conclusion, that is, that the accusation is not true / warranted. The second boldface is an additional conclusion that is tied specifically to the accusation's main point, which is that research funding has stalled. It therefore supports the overall conclusion. Correct.

C - The first does not state a claim made by someone the author disagrees with, it is the author's claim. Eliminate.

D - This is a somewhat tempting trap answer, but to describe the first boldface choice as 'a general attitude toward outside criticism' would be too broad and vague. It is a specific, direct claim that the accusation is unwarranted, not a general attitude.

E - The first boldface is not a 'factual observation' - it's an opinion that the accusation is not justified. Eliminate.
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Bunuel
A major donor to the Northbridge Research Institute has recently claimed that the institute is poorly managed, citing as evidence the institute’s failure to slow the submission of new project proposals in response to a sharp increase in the amount of unspent research funds. It is unclear whether public accusations by donors ever help institutions function better, but in this case the accusation is plainly unwarranted. It is true that a growing balance of unspent funds often signals that research projects are stalled, yet at Northbridge it suggests nothing of the kind. The rise in unspent funds is entirely due to large multiyear grants that have already been awarded to specific projects but are scheduled to be drawn down only in later phases of those projects.

In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

(A) The first presents a consideration that the argument ultimately rejects; the second describes evidence that the argument uses to undermine that consideration.
(B) The first expresses the author’s overall conclusion; the second is a more specific conclusion drawn to help support that overall conclusion.
(C) The first states a claim made by someone the author disagrees with; the second summarizes the author’s main reason for rejecting that claim.
(D) The first introduces a general attitude toward outside criticism; the second presents a claim that the remainder of the argument attempts to refute.
(E) The first and second both report factual observations that the author uses as support for a further conclusion not stated explicitly.

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There is a North Bridge Research Institute (NBRI) , a major donor makes a claim : “ NRBI is poorly managed” .

The reason cited by the donor was :

1) Slow submission of New project Proposal , and

2) Unspent Research funds have been high.

Now the author makes a statement : It is unclear, if the public accusations made by the donor will be beneficial to the growth of NRBI. Whether , the public accusations will make the NRBI to grow in a positive manner is unclear.

But, the author makes a point clear : BF1 “ accusations are unwarranted”. This is an authors conclusion.

The next line mentions, the unspent research funds signal the projects had been slowed or stalled.

BF2: Yet, “ at NBRI nothing of its kind”. This attacks the specifics, supporting the conclusion.

From this, we can be sure that BF1 and BF2 are supporting each other. The next lines, are supporting the BF2.

A) Is wrong, because BF1 is not a consideration that is being rejected. BF1 is the authors conclusion. Secondly, BF2 is not in contradiction with BF1. But, it’s in line supporting BF1, not undermining it.

B) This is the correct answer. As the BF1 is the authors overall conclusion, the next BF2 is in exact line with the BF1, thus supporting it. Moreover, BF2 attacks the specifics of the claim.

C) This is wrong, as it claims the BF1 to be a statement made by some one else. Actually, BF1 is the main conclusion of the author. The second BF2, rejects that claim ( made in BF1). To be honest, BF2 supports then authors main conclusion (BF1) by providing supporting statements.

D) BF 1 is not an attitude but a clear concrete statement made by the author. Secondly, BF2 are supporting premises that are used to strengthen the main conclusion (BF1). Hence, wrong.

E) If it has been factual statements, the author could have used some clues to mention the authenticity or credibility of the data. But, the BF1 is a main conclusion of the author and BF2 is supporting the main conclusion, by directing specific statements. Hence, Wrong.

Option B
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Bunuel
A major donor to the Northbridge Research Institute has recently claimed that the institute is poorly managed, citing as evidence the institute’s failure to slow the submission of new project proposals in response to a sharp increase in the amount of unspent research funds. It is unclear whether public accusations by donors ever help institutions function better, but in this case the accusation is plainly unwarranted. It is true that a growing balance of unspent funds often signals that research projects are stalled, yet at Northbridge it suggests nothing of the kind. The rise in unspent funds is entirely due to large multiyear grants that have already been awarded to specific projects but are scheduled to be drawn down only in later phases of those projects.

In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

(A) The first presents a consideration that the argument ultimately rejects; the second describes evidence that the argument uses to undermine that consideration.
(B) The first expresses the author’s overall conclusion; the second is a more specific conclusion drawn to help support that overall conclusion.
(C) The first states a claim made by someone the author disagrees with; the second summarizes the author’s main reason for rejecting that claim.
(D) The first introduces a general attitude toward outside criticism; the second presents a claim that the remainder of the argument attempts to refute.
(E) The first and second both report factual observations that the author uses as support for a further conclusion not stated explicitly.

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With boldface it's helpful to just write down what each boldface section seems to contribute to the passage as you're reading it, then identify which answer choice follows your notes best.

Boldface 1: Author is refuting the claim made by the major donor, could be the conclusion of the passage.
Boldface 2: Further refuting the claim, evidence follows. Could be a secondary conclusion?

Let's see what option best fits this. For boldface questions, both portions of the answer choice need to be correct. As with all CR, the entire answer needs to be entirely correct.

Option A: Boldface 1 isn't a consideration that's rejected, eliminate.
Option B: Boldface 1 could be a conclusion, Boldface 2 could be a secondary conclusion. Let's hold onto this.
Option C: Boldface 1 isn't someone else's conclusion, it's the author's own opinion and conclusion. Eliminate.
Option D: Boldface 1 isn't a general attitude, it's being specifically applied to this situation. Eliminate.
Option E: Neither boldface is a factual observation. Eliminate.

Therefore the answer is B.
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