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23 Dec 2025, 06:22
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The First BF, but in this case the accusation is plainly unwarranted; is the author’s main conclusion.
The second BF, yet at Northbridge it suggests nothing of the kind. It is a more specific conclusion explaining why the accusation is wrong, and although unspent funds often signal stalled research, that inference does not apply here. It supports the main conclusion that the charge that Northbridge is poorly managed is wrong.
(A) The first presents a consideration that the argument ultimately rejects; the second describes evidence that the argument uses to undermine that consideration.
(The first bf is clearly the main conclusion) Wrong
(B) The first expresses the author’s overall conclusion; the second is a more specific conclusion drawn to help support that overall conclusion.
(The first is bd is the main conclusion that the charge that northbridge is poorly managed is wrong and the second BF supports this conclusion) Correct
(C) The first states a claim made by someone the author disagrees with; the second summarizes the author’s main reason for rejecting that claim.
(The first bold statement is not someone elses opinion) Wrong
(D) The first introduces a general attitude toward outside criticism; the second presents a claim that the remainder of the argument attempts to refute.
(The first bf is a specific conclusion) Wrong
(E) The first and second both report factual observations that the author uses as support for a further conclusion not stated explicitly.
(Neither bf is a factual observation, both are judgements or opinions) Wrong
The second BF, yet at Northbridge it suggests nothing of the kind. It is a more specific conclusion explaining why the accusation is wrong, and although unspent funds often signal stalled research, that inference does not apply here. It supports the main conclusion that the charge that Northbridge is poorly managed is wrong.
(A) The first presents a consideration that the argument ultimately rejects; the second describes evidence that the argument uses to undermine that consideration.
(The first bf is clearly the main conclusion) Wrong
(B) The first expresses the author’s overall conclusion; the second is a more specific conclusion drawn to help support that overall conclusion.
(The first is bd is the main conclusion that the charge that northbridge is poorly managed is wrong and the second BF supports this conclusion) Correct
(C) The first states a claim made by someone the author disagrees with; the second summarizes the author’s main reason for rejecting that claim.
(The first bold statement is not someone elses opinion) Wrong
(D) The first introduces a general attitude toward outside criticism; the second presents a claim that the remainder of the argument attempts to refute.
(The first bf is a specific conclusion) Wrong
(E) The first and second both report factual observations that the author uses as support for a further conclusion not stated explicitly.
(Neither bf is a factual observation, both are judgements or opinions) Wrong
23 Dec 2025, 06:38
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A No, the first bold is the author's own conclusion, not a consideration to reject.
B Correct. The first is the overall conclusion. The second could be seen as an intermediate conclusion, a more specific claim that supports the first bold.
C No, the first bold is the author's own claim rejecting the donors' accusations.
D No, the main thrust of the first bold is the author's judgment about this case.
E No, the first bold is an opinion, not a factual observation.
IMO B
B Correct. The first is the overall conclusion. The second could be seen as an intermediate conclusion, a more specific claim that supports the first bold.
C No, the first bold is the author's own claim rejecting the donors' accusations.
D No, the main thrust of the first bold is the author's judgment about this case.
E No, the first bold is an opinion, not a factual observation.
IMO B
23 Dec 2025, 06:38
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Answer = B
A major donor to the Northbridge Research Institute has recently claimed that the institute is poorly managed, citing as evidence the institute’s failure to slow the submission of new project proposals in response to a sharp increase in the amount of unspent research funds. It is unclear whether public accusations by donors ever help institutions function better, but in this case the accusation is plainly unwarranted. It is true that a growing balance of unspent funds often signals that research projects are stalled, yet at Northbridge it suggests nothing of the kind. The rise in unspent funds is entirely due to large multiyear grants that have already been awarded to specific projects but are scheduled to be drawn down only in later phases of those projects.
In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
(A) The first presents a consideration that the argument ultimately rejects; the second describes evidence that the argument uses to undermine that consideration.
False - author does not reject the first boldfaced part
(B) The first expresses the author’s overall conclusion; the second is a more specific conclusion drawn to help support that overall conclusion.
Correct - The first part is the overall conclusion and the second part is a subsidiary conclusion
(C) The first states a claim made by someone the author disagrees with; the second summarizes the author’s main reason for rejecting that claim.
False - the first is a claim by the author, not someone else
(D) The first introduces a general attitude toward outside criticism; the second presents a claim that the remainder of the argument attempts to refute.
We don't know if this is general attitude, hence eliminate
(E) The first and second both report factual observations that the author uses as support for a further conclusion not stated explicitly.
Seems enticing but on closer look, the conclusion is stated in the passage, its the first boldfaced sentence
A major donor to the Northbridge Research Institute has recently claimed that the institute is poorly managed, citing as evidence the institute’s failure to slow the submission of new project proposals in response to a sharp increase in the amount of unspent research funds. It is unclear whether public accusations by donors ever help institutions function better, but in this case the accusation is plainly unwarranted. It is true that a growing balance of unspent funds often signals that research projects are stalled, yet at Northbridge it suggests nothing of the kind. The rise in unspent funds is entirely due to large multiyear grants that have already been awarded to specific projects but are scheduled to be drawn down only in later phases of those projects.
In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
(A) The first presents a consideration that the argument ultimately rejects; the second describes evidence that the argument uses to undermine that consideration.
False - author does not reject the first boldfaced part
(B) The first expresses the author’s overall conclusion; the second is a more specific conclusion drawn to help support that overall conclusion.
Correct - The first part is the overall conclusion and the second part is a subsidiary conclusion
(C) The first states a claim made by someone the author disagrees with; the second summarizes the author’s main reason for rejecting that claim.
False - the first is a claim by the author, not someone else
(D) The first introduces a general attitude toward outside criticism; the second presents a claim that the remainder of the argument attempts to refute.
We don't know if this is general attitude, hence eliminate
(E) The first and second both report factual observations that the author uses as support for a further conclusion not stated explicitly.
Seems enticing but on closer look, the conclusion is stated in the passage, its the first boldfaced sentence
23 Dec 2025, 06:47
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To my mind, the argument tries to mainly justify Northbridge Institute in not using the research funds. That is, there's an outside accusation of underusing the funding, but while the author agrees that typically such a dynamic may well signalise of mismanagement of the institution, in this particular case this doesn't apply, since there's a perfectly good reason for extra funding accumulation which doesn't contradict the possibility the management is doing a good job.
Therefore, the fist bolded sentence is the conclsion of the author. The second one is also kind of a conclusion - or rather, it's a statement that carries the same meaning bt just makes a consession for the fact that the donor's accusation is not complete nonsense, but just doesn't apply here. Basically, the second sentence is a 'softer' version of the conclsion.
Therefore, we can eliminate A and C since the first is a conclusion. Also, eliminate D, since the second conclusion is definitely not being refuted. Finally, betwen B and E I personally gravitate towards B, since E speaks about factual observations, and the statements are rather the author's opinions, and not facts. Hence, the answer is B.
Therefore, the fist bolded sentence is the conclsion of the author. The second one is also kind of a conclusion - or rather, it's a statement that carries the same meaning bt just makes a consession for the fact that the donor's accusation is not complete nonsense, but just doesn't apply here. Basically, the second sentence is a 'softer' version of the conclsion.
Therefore, we can eliminate A and C since the first is a conclusion. Also, eliminate D, since the second conclusion is definitely not being refuted. Finally, betwen B and E I personally gravitate towards B, since E speaks about factual observations, and the statements are rather the author's opinions, and not facts. Hence, the answer is B.
