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11 May 2026, 12:08
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E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
75%
(hard)
Question Stats:
53% (01:51) correct
47%
(01:56)
wrong
based on 160
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Criminologist: According to a countrywide tabulation of all crimes reported to local police departments, the incidence of crime per 100,000 people has risen substantially over the last 20 years. However, a series of independent surveys of randomly selected citizens of the country gives the impression that the total number of crimes was less in recent years than it was 20 years ago.
Which one of the following, if true, would most help to resolve the apparent discrepancy described by the criminologist?
(A) Not all of the citizens selected for the series of independent surveys had been the victims of crime.
(B) Most crimes committed in the country are not reported to local police departments.
(C) The total annual number of crimes committed in the country has risen over the past 20 years but has fallen in proportion to the country’s growing population.
(D) In the series of independent surveys, many of the respondents did not accurately describe the crimes to which they had fallen victim.
(E) Of crimes committed in the country, a much greater proportion have been reported to local police departments in recent years than were reported 20 years ago.
Which one of the following, if true, would most help to resolve the apparent discrepancy described by the criminologist?
(A) Not all of the citizens selected for the series of independent surveys had been the victims of crime.
(B) Most crimes committed in the country are not reported to local police departments.
(C) The total annual number of crimes committed in the country has risen over the past 20 years but has fallen in proportion to the country’s growing population.
(D) In the series of independent surveys, many of the respondents did not accurately describe the crimes to which they had fallen victim.
(E) Of crimes committed in the country, a much greater proportion have been reported to local police departments in recent years than were reported 20 years ago.
11 May 2026, 17:15
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Criminologist: According to a countrywide tabulation of all crimes reported to local police departments, the incidence of crime per 100,000 people has risen substantially over the last 20 years. However, a series of independent surveys of randomly selected citizens of the country gives the impression that the total number of crimes was less in recent years than it was 20 years ago.
Which one of the following, if true, would most help to resolve the apparent discrepancy described by the criminologist?
The discrepancy is that police reports show crime per 100,000 people has increased, but citizen surveys suggest the total number of crimes has decreased. The key difference is that police data count only reported crimes, while surveys may reflect actual crime experience more broadly.
(A) Not all of the citizens selected for the series of independent surveys had been the victims of crime.
Wrong. That is expected in any crime survey and does not explain the conflict.
(B) Most crimes committed in the country are not reported to local police departments.
This helps only a little. It shows police data may be incomplete, but it does not explain why reported crime increased while survey-based crime seemed lower.
(C) The total annual number of crimes committed in the country has risen over the past 20 years but has fallen in proportion to the country’s growing population.
Wrong. This says total crimes rose, but the surveys suggest total crimes fell.
(D) In the series of independent surveys, many of the respondents did not accurately describe the crimes to which they had fallen victim.
Wrong. This suggests the surveys may be unreliable, but it does not clearly explain the specific pattern.
(E) Of crimes committed in the country, a much greater proportion have been reported to local police departments in recent years than were reported 20 years ago.
Correct. If more crimes are now being reported to police, then police records could show an increase even if the actual total number of crimes has fallen. This directly reconciles the reported-crime increase with the survey-based decrease.
Answer: (E)
Which one of the following, if true, would most help to resolve the apparent discrepancy described by the criminologist?
The discrepancy is that police reports show crime per 100,000 people has increased, but citizen surveys suggest the total number of crimes has decreased. The key difference is that police data count only reported crimes, while surveys may reflect actual crime experience more broadly.
(A) Not all of the citizens selected for the series of independent surveys had been the victims of crime.
Wrong. That is expected in any crime survey and does not explain the conflict.
(B) Most crimes committed in the country are not reported to local police departments.
This helps only a little. It shows police data may be incomplete, but it does not explain why reported crime increased while survey-based crime seemed lower.
(C) The total annual number of crimes committed in the country has risen over the past 20 years but has fallen in proportion to the country’s growing population.
Wrong. This says total crimes rose, but the surveys suggest total crimes fell.
(D) In the series of independent surveys, many of the respondents did not accurately describe the crimes to which they had fallen victim.
Wrong. This suggests the surveys may be unreliable, but it does not clearly explain the specific pattern.
(E) Of crimes committed in the country, a much greater proportion have been reported to local police departments in recent years than were reported 20 years ago.
Correct. If more crimes are now being reported to police, then police records could show an increase even if the actual total number of crimes has fallen. This directly reconciles the reported-crime increase with the survey-based decrease.
Answer: (E)
29 Jul 2026, 06:48
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OE for reference:
Overview:
The criminologist indicates that the incidence of crime, as reported to local police departments, has increased over the last 20 years. Surveys of citizens, however, give the impression that crime has been lower in recent years than it was 20 years ago. You are asked to identify information that resolves this apparent discrepancy—that most helps to explain how these two divergent claims could both be true.
The Correct Answer:
E (E) says that the proportion of crimes reported to local police departments has gone up quite significantly over the last 20 years. This implies that relatively fewer crimes go unreported today than in the past. This provides an explanation of how the incidence of crime, as reported to local police, could have gone up even if citizens' perception of reduced crime is accurate.
The Incorrect Answer Choices:
A The only plausible way in which (A) could resolve the discrepancy is by making a case for some sort of bias in the samples used for the citizen surveys. But if, as (A) says, not all of the survey participants had been victims of crime, this does not establish that the survey samples are biased. (A) gives us no reason to think that the proportion of victims among survey participants differs from the proportion of victims within the overall population.
B (B) says that most crimes are not reported to local police departments. But since it doesn't say that there's been any change in the proportion of crimes that were reported over the past 20 years, (B) can't help to explain the change in the incidence of crime, as reported.
C (C) does not help to resolve the discrepancy; it actually conflicts with both sides of the discrepancy. It indicates that the number of crimes has fallen in proportion to the population, which conflicts with the statistics indicating that the incidence of crime per 100,000 people has risen substantially. And by indicating that the total number of crimes has risen, it conflicts with the citizen surveys suggesting that "the total number of crimes was less in recent years." So if (C) were true, that would only make things more puzzling.
D The only plausible way in which (D) could resolve the discrepancy is by making a case for some sort of bias in the samples used for the citizen surveys. But (D) doesn't give us reason to think that those samples were biased. We don’t know how many of the respondents had been victims of crime in their lives, so it might be true that only a small percentage of respondents did not give accurate descriptions of the crimes to which they've fallen victim. And we don't even know that it is unusual for victims of crime to be unable to accurately describe the crimes. So if (D) is true, the respondents to the citizen surveys might still be representative of the general population.
Overview:
The criminologist indicates that the incidence of crime, as reported to local police departments, has increased over the last 20 years. Surveys of citizens, however, give the impression that crime has been lower in recent years than it was 20 years ago. You are asked to identify information that resolves this apparent discrepancy—that most helps to explain how these two divergent claims could both be true.
The Correct Answer:
E (E) says that the proportion of crimes reported to local police departments has gone up quite significantly over the last 20 years. This implies that relatively fewer crimes go unreported today than in the past. This provides an explanation of how the incidence of crime, as reported to local police, could have gone up even if citizens' perception of reduced crime is accurate.
The Incorrect Answer Choices:
A The only plausible way in which (A) could resolve the discrepancy is by making a case for some sort of bias in the samples used for the citizen surveys. But if, as (A) says, not all of the survey participants had been victims of crime, this does not establish that the survey samples are biased. (A) gives us no reason to think that the proportion of victims among survey participants differs from the proportion of victims within the overall population.
B (B) says that most crimes are not reported to local police departments. But since it doesn't say that there's been any change in the proportion of crimes that were reported over the past 20 years, (B) can't help to explain the change in the incidence of crime, as reported.
C (C) does not help to resolve the discrepancy; it actually conflicts with both sides of the discrepancy. It indicates that the number of crimes has fallen in proportion to the population, which conflicts with the statistics indicating that the incidence of crime per 100,000 people has risen substantially. And by indicating that the total number of crimes has risen, it conflicts with the citizen surveys suggesting that "the total number of crimes was less in recent years." So if (C) were true, that would only make things more puzzling.
D The only plausible way in which (D) could resolve the discrepancy is by making a case for some sort of bias in the samples used for the citizen surveys. But (D) doesn't give us reason to think that those samples were biased. We don’t know how many of the respondents had been victims of crime in their lives, so it might be true that only a small percentage of respondents did not give accurate descriptions of the crimes to which they've fallen victim. And we don't even know that it is unusual for victims of crime to be unable to accurately describe the crimes. So if (D) is true, the respondents to the citizen surveys might still be representative of the general population.
