Hi AlphaBeta1988,
To start, it's important to remember that NOTHING about a GMAT question is ever 'random' - every word is carefully chosen, specific concepts are woven into each prompt and even the 5 answers choices can have patterns behind them. Thus, if you have specific Quant questions that are giving you trouble, then you should post them (or "Google" them and read through the explanations. If you don't have anything to specifically reference, then we can still talk in general terms.
You are correct that when you see that type of question, there will likely be a Number Property pattern (and sometimes more than one) behind the specific question that is asked. Understanding rules of division and patterns behind multiples of a given number can often be helpful (but even if you don't have all of those concepts memorized, you can often figure them out with some basic Arithmetic AS you work through the question. It's also worth noting that your goal when dealing with any individual question is NOT to be 'fast' - it's to be "efficient" (and sometimes the most efficient way to approach a question will still require 3 minutes worth of work).
Since these types of questions are relatively rare, it's also possible that you do not have to correctly answer any of them to hit your Score Goal - so your study time might be better spent on other subjects. Before I can offer you any additional advice for your studies, it would help if you could provide a bit more information on how you've been studying and your goals:
Studies:
1) How long have you studied?
2) What study materials have you used so far?
3) How have you scored on EACH of your CATs/mocks (including the Quant and Verbal Scaled Scores for EACH)?
Goals:
4) What is your goal score?
5) When are you planning to take the GMAT?
6) When are you planning to apply to Business School?
7) What Schools are you planning to apply to?
GMAT assassins aren't born, they're made,
Rich