GMAT Hack: Solve with Logic & Ratios
The key is to think in terms of ratios and avoid setting up complex algebraic fractions.
1. Rates vs. Times: The emptying rates are in a 1:2 ratio (Tap 1 : Tap 2). Since rate and time are inversely proportional, the time each tap takes to do the job alone is in a 2:1 ratio. This means Tap 1 is the slower tap and takes twice as long as Tap 2.
2. Combine the Power: Let the rate of the slow tap (Tap 1) be R. The rate of the fast tap (Tap 2) is 2R. When they work together, their combined rate is R + 2R = 3R.
3. Find the Time for Tap 1: The combined “power” (3R) gets the job done in 2 hours. Tap 1 only has a power of R, which is one-third of the combined power. Therefore, it will take three times as long to do the same job alone.
• Time for Tap 1 (full tank) = 3 * (Combined Time) = 3 * 2 hours = 6 hours.
4. Answer the Real Question: The question asks for the time it takes Tap 1 to empty half the tank.
• Time for half tank = (Time for full tank) / 2 = 6 hours / 2 = 3 hours.
The correct answer is (C) 3 hours.