V06-28, V06-29, V06-30

Question

“Intellectual property” can include anything from a corporate logo to a manufacturing process and is a term generally used to designate ideas, images, or information that can be used simultaneously by many people. Although intellectual property has become an important cornerstone of modern economies, experts are of two minds about the relationship between patents that grant exclusive rights to the use of intellectual property and legal structures that promote innovation. On one hand, many experts claim that intellectual property patents are absolutely essential to encouraging innovation. Without assurance that new ideas will yield lucrative returns, the thinking goes, designers and inventors have little incentive for development. Others take an opposite view and argue that patent rights for intellectual property actually limit innovation by blocking new, possibly superior, ideas from entering the market.  1. Which of the following best describes the logical structure of the passage?

(a) An argument is presented then rebutted.
(b) A process is described in specific detail.
(c) A concept is defined then applied.
(d) Two perspectives on a concept are discussed.
(e) Two pieces of evidence are cited to support a claim.
 D

2. Which of the following represents the best title for the passage?

(a) The Necessity of Intellectual Property Patents for Innovation
(b) Ideas in Support of Innovation and Intellectual Property Patents
(c) Perspectives on Innovation and Intellectual Property Patents
(d) Common Pitfalls of Intellectual Property Patents
(e) Methods for Encouragement of Innovation
 C

3. 
According to the passage, which of the following is a reason that patents for intellectual property may limit innovation?
    Patents may block superior ideas from the market. 
 Patents assure inventors a return on their intellectual investment. 
 Intellectual property is important in modern economies.

(a) I only
(b) II only
(c) I and III only
(d) II and III only
(e) I, II, and III
 A

Bunuel · Answer

This question concerns logical structure, or how the parts of the passage are put together. The first sentence provides a definition of intellectual property, and the second tells something more specific: that  experts are of two minds  about how laws that protect intellectual property encourage or discourage innovation. In other words, there are two prevailing opinions. The passage is structured to present these two opinions.   The second half of the passage does not rebut the first; instead, it provides the second viewpoint. 
 The passage does not describe a process. 
   Intellectual property  is a concept, but it is not  applied  in the passage. 
 The passage is mostly concerned with discussing two perspectives on the concept  intellectual property , as signaled by the detail that  experts are of two minds  about the question. 
 The passage does not use evidence to support a claim.     The answer to this question is concerned with the main idea of the passage of the whole. Since the passage simply relates two opinions experts may hold about intellectual property, any answer either  opposing  or  in support of  a specific idea is out of bounds. The correct answer will take the same neutral tone as the passage itself.   This title refers only to the first perspective discussed in the passage. 
 This option is close in tone to the passage, but it refers only to the first perspective in the passage. 
 The tone of this title is neutral like the passage, and it is also broad enough in scope to include both perspectives discussed in the passage. 
 This title refers only to the second perspective discussed in the passage. 
 This option is a misrepresentation of the passage, since the passage as a whole is concerned, not just with innovation, but with the connection between innovation and intellectual property.     The last sentence of the passage contains information about how patents may  limit  innovation. Only Statement I is a paraphrase of this claim.   This option correctly identifies that Statement I is a paraphrase of the last sentence of the passage, which states that patents may limit innovation by blocking superior ideas from the market. 
 Statement II actually supports the claim that patents  encourage  innovation, the opposite of what is asked in the question. 
 Statement I is correct, but Statement III is not directly related to innovation. 
 Statement II provides opposite information to that asked for in the question, and Statement III is not directly related to innovation. 
 Statement I is correct, but Statements II and III are not.

macisjoy · Answer

Q: According to the passage, which of the following is a reason that patents for intellectual property may limit innovation?

I. Patents may block superior ideas  from the market .
II. Patents assure inventors a return on their intellectual investment.
III. Intellectual property is important in modern economies.

It seems that in option I, the word  'entering'  is dropped. The sentence ".......from  entering  the market" seems better than the current sentence.
Am I right? Please advise.

stan3544 · Answer

Yes, it took me some time to figure out the answer choices because of the error in wording. Option I Ideas that enter FROM the market is totally different in meaning to ideas THAT ENTER the market. It's as if ideas come from the market to somewhere, and not vice versa. Please correct the wording, it creates a lot of confusion.

dortinator1234923 · Answer

Yes indeed, 'from the market' has a different meaning than from 'entering' the market. 
 Bunuel  please correct this, it is indeed quite confusing.

argerniki · Answer

I have a question regarding Q3:

“Intellectual property” can include anything from a corporate logo to a manufacturing process and is a term generally used to designate ideas, images, or information that can be used simultaneously by many people.  Although intellectual property has become an important cornerstone of modern economies , experts are of two minds about the relationship between patents that grant exclusive rights to the use of intellectual property and legal structures that promote innovation. On one hand, many experts claim that intellectual property patents are absolutely essential to encouraging innovation. Without assurance that new ideas will yield lucrative returns, the thinking goes, designers and inventors have little incentive for development. Others take an opposite view and argue that patent rights for intellectual property actually limit innovation by blocking new, possibly superior, ideas from entering the market.

Why is the bolded sentence no evidence for answer choice C? I thought it proves the 3rd statement.

Thank you in advance!

Best regards

bumpbot · Answer

Automated notice from GMAT Club BumpBot: 

A member just gave Kudos to this thread, showing it’s still useful. I’ve bumped it to the top so more people can benefit. Feel free to add your own questions or solutions.

 This post was generated automatically.

V06-28, V06-29, V06-30

Prep Toolkit

Top 5 GMAT Debrief Videos

615 to 715 in 15 Days (Ria's Strategies)

More than Quant/Verbal Abilities: Speed vs. Accuracy

745 with Only Self-Prep and GMAT Club

From 555 to 765: 210-point Improvement

Perfect 805 Score Debrief by Julia

My Rewards