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22 Aug 2025, 22:01
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The rapid maturation of gene-editing techniques, especially CRISPR-Cas9, has altered the landscape of modern genetics. By allowing nucleotide-level changes to DNA, these tools could eradicate single-gene disorders, boost crop resilience, and conceivably influence human longevity. Yet many discussions to date have lingered on technical feasibility and clinical promise, postponing a thorough ethical reckoning for “later phases.” Policymakers now face the challenge of weighing unprecedented therapeutic possibilities against social, legal, and ecological risks that remain only partially understood.
Among the most widely cited dangers is the advent of so-called “designer babies,” in which prospective parents pay for edits that heighten intelligence or sharpen athletic ability. Because such elective enhancements would likely debut at high cost, their availability could deepen existing economic cleavages and entrench a hereditary advantage for the affluent. These seemingly disparate uses, therapeutic cures on one hand, elective upgrades on the other, share a common vulnerability: once the technology is proven, it may be steered toward ends that society has never openly debated. The 2018 announcement of CRISPR-modified embryos in China illustrates how quickly private experimentation can outpace public consensus, while proposals for genetically altered insects to curb vector-borne disease reveal the potential for ecological knock-on effects and, in darker scenarios, military or commercial exploitation.
Because individual nations interpret bioethical norms through distinct cultural lenses, a piecemeal regulatory approach invites trouble. One country might green-light gene-drive crops that later destabilize trans-border ecosystems; another might impose an outright ban that denies citizens access to lifesaving therapies available elsewhere. Divergent national policies would create incentives for “regulatory tourism,” fostering a global environment in which the strictest, or the most permissive, jurisdiction sets de facto standards for everyone.
To avert that outcome, governments and scientific bodies must forge a multilateral framework that addresses three interlocking priorities. First, sustained, transparent dialogue is needed to map both foreseeable benefits and latent risks. Second, large-scale trials should secure public funding and independent oversight to ensure that controversial experiments proceed under rigorous peer review. Third, internationally ratified guidelines must govern everything from laboratory containment to eventual clinical deployment, thereby harmonizing safety thresholds and liability rules across borders. Only through such coordinated action can the transformative power of gene editing be harnessed responsibly, maximizing collective gain while minimizing unintended harm.
Which of the following most accurately describes the structure of the passage?
A. The author introduces a problem, enlarges on its magnitude, and then proposes a coordinated remedy.
B. The author advances a hypothesis, supplies supporting data, and then dismisses counterarguments.
C. The author narrates a historical event, draws parallels to the present, and then forecasts future outcomes.
D. The author contrasts two policies, evaluates each, and ultimately endorses one.
E. The author defines a term, refines that definition, and subsequently applies it to a case study.
Among the most widely cited dangers is the advent of so-called “designer babies,” in which prospective parents pay for edits that heighten intelligence or sharpen athletic ability. Because such elective enhancements would likely debut at high cost, their availability could deepen existing economic cleavages and entrench a hereditary advantage for the affluent. These seemingly disparate uses, therapeutic cures on one hand, elective upgrades on the other, share a common vulnerability: once the technology is proven, it may be steered toward ends that society has never openly debated. The 2018 announcement of CRISPR-modified embryos in China illustrates how quickly private experimentation can outpace public consensus, while proposals for genetically altered insects to curb vector-borne disease reveal the potential for ecological knock-on effects and, in darker scenarios, military or commercial exploitation.
Because individual nations interpret bioethical norms through distinct cultural lenses, a piecemeal regulatory approach invites trouble. One country might green-light gene-drive crops that later destabilize trans-border ecosystems; another might impose an outright ban that denies citizens access to lifesaving therapies available elsewhere. Divergent national policies would create incentives for “regulatory tourism,” fostering a global environment in which the strictest, or the most permissive, jurisdiction sets de facto standards for everyone.
To avert that outcome, governments and scientific bodies must forge a multilateral framework that addresses three interlocking priorities. First, sustained, transparent dialogue is needed to map both foreseeable benefits and latent risks. Second, large-scale trials should secure public funding and independent oversight to ensure that controversial experiments proceed under rigorous peer review. Third, internationally ratified guidelines must govern everything from laboratory containment to eventual clinical deployment, thereby harmonizing safety thresholds and liability rules across borders. Only through such coordinated action can the transformative power of gene editing be harnessed responsibly, maximizing collective gain while minimizing unintended harm.
Which of the following most accurately describes the structure of the passage?
A. The author introduces a problem, enlarges on its magnitude, and then proposes a coordinated remedy.
B. The author advances a hypothesis, supplies supporting data, and then dismisses counterarguments.
C. The author narrates a historical event, draws parallels to the present, and then forecasts future outcomes.
D. The author contrasts two policies, evaluates each, and ultimately endorses one.
E. The author defines a term, refines that definition, and subsequently applies it to a case study.
22 Aug 2025, 22:01
Kudos
Bookmarks
Official Solution:
The rapid maturation of gene-editing techniques, especially CRISPR-Cas9, has altered the landscape of modern genetics. By allowing nucleotide-level changes to DNA, these tools could eradicate single-gene disorders, boost crop resilience, and conceivably influence human longevity. Yet many discussions to date have lingered on technical feasibility and clinical promise, postponing a thorough ethical reckoning for “later phases.” Policymakers now face the challenge of weighing unprecedented therapeutic possibilities against social, legal, and ecological risks that remain only partially understood.
Among the most widely cited dangers is the advent of so-called “designer babies,” in which prospective parents pay for edits that heighten intelligence or sharpen athletic ability. Because such elective enhancements would likely debut at high cost, their availability could deepen existing economic cleavages and entrench a hereditary advantage for the affluent. These seemingly disparate uses—therapeutic cures on one hand, elective upgrades on the other—share a common vulnerability: once the technology is proven, it may be steered toward ends that society has never openly debated. The 2018 announcement of CRISPR-modified embryos in China illustrates how quickly private experimentation can outpace public consensus, while proposals for genetically altered insects to curb vector-borne disease reveal the potential for ecological knock-on effects and, in darker scenarios, military or commercial exploitation.
Because individual nations interpret bioethical norms through distinct cultural lenses, a piecemeal regulatory approach invites trouble. One country might green-light gene-drive crops that later destabilize trans-border ecosystems; another might impose an outright ban that denies citizens access to lifesaving therapies available elsewhere. Divergent national policies would create incentives for “regulatory tourism,” fostering a global environment in which the strictest—or the most permissive - jurisdiction sets de facto standards for everyone.
To avert that outcome, governments and scientific bodies must forge a multilateral framework that addresses three interlocking priorities. First, sustained, transparent dialogue is needed to map both foreseeable benefits and latent risks. Second, large-scale trials should secure public funding and independent oversight to ensure that controversial experiments proceed under rigorous peer review. Third, internationally ratified guidelines must govern everything from laboratory containment to eventual clinical deployment, thereby harmonizing safety thresholds and liability rules across borders. Only through such coordinated action can the transformative power of gene editing be harnessed responsibly, maximizing collective gain while minimizing unintended harm.
Which of the following most accurately describes the structure of the passage?
A. The author introduces a problem, enlarges on its magnitude, and then proposes a coordinated remedy.
B. The author advances a hypothesis, supplies supporting data, and then dismisses counterarguments.
C. The author narrates a historical event, draws parallels to the present, and then forecasts future outcomes.
D. The author contrasts two policies, evaluates each, and ultimately endorses one.
E. The author defines a term, refines that definition, and subsequently applies it to a case study.
A) Correct Answer: The passage first presents the ethical and societal risks of gene editing, next expands on why those risks are serious and multifaceted, and finally proposes an internationally coordinated framework as a remedy.
B) Incorrect: No single hypothesis is advanced and then tested.
C) Incorrect: The 2018 embryo case is used illustratively rather than as the backbone of a narrative that leads to prediction.
D) Incorrect: The author does not weigh two separate policies; the focus is on one unified regulatory approach.
E) Incorrect: Key terms like gene editing are introduced, but the passage’s main goal is not definitional analysis followed by application.
Answer: A
The rapid maturation of gene-editing techniques, especially CRISPR-Cas9, has altered the landscape of modern genetics. By allowing nucleotide-level changes to DNA, these tools could eradicate single-gene disorders, boost crop resilience, and conceivably influence human longevity. Yet many discussions to date have lingered on technical feasibility and clinical promise, postponing a thorough ethical reckoning for “later phases.” Policymakers now face the challenge of weighing unprecedented therapeutic possibilities against social, legal, and ecological risks that remain only partially understood.
Among the most widely cited dangers is the advent of so-called “designer babies,” in which prospective parents pay for edits that heighten intelligence or sharpen athletic ability. Because such elective enhancements would likely debut at high cost, their availability could deepen existing economic cleavages and entrench a hereditary advantage for the affluent. These seemingly disparate uses—therapeutic cures on one hand, elective upgrades on the other—share a common vulnerability: once the technology is proven, it may be steered toward ends that society has never openly debated. The 2018 announcement of CRISPR-modified embryos in China illustrates how quickly private experimentation can outpace public consensus, while proposals for genetically altered insects to curb vector-borne disease reveal the potential for ecological knock-on effects and, in darker scenarios, military or commercial exploitation.
Because individual nations interpret bioethical norms through distinct cultural lenses, a piecemeal regulatory approach invites trouble. One country might green-light gene-drive crops that later destabilize trans-border ecosystems; another might impose an outright ban that denies citizens access to lifesaving therapies available elsewhere. Divergent national policies would create incentives for “regulatory tourism,” fostering a global environment in which the strictest—or the most permissive - jurisdiction sets de facto standards for everyone.
To avert that outcome, governments and scientific bodies must forge a multilateral framework that addresses three interlocking priorities. First, sustained, transparent dialogue is needed to map both foreseeable benefits and latent risks. Second, large-scale trials should secure public funding and independent oversight to ensure that controversial experiments proceed under rigorous peer review. Third, internationally ratified guidelines must govern everything from laboratory containment to eventual clinical deployment, thereby harmonizing safety thresholds and liability rules across borders. Only through such coordinated action can the transformative power of gene editing be harnessed responsibly, maximizing collective gain while minimizing unintended harm.
Which of the following most accurately describes the structure of the passage?
A. The author introduces a problem, enlarges on its magnitude, and then proposes a coordinated remedy.
B. The author advances a hypothesis, supplies supporting data, and then dismisses counterarguments.
C. The author narrates a historical event, draws parallels to the present, and then forecasts future outcomes.
D. The author contrasts two policies, evaluates each, and ultimately endorses one.
E. The author defines a term, refines that definition, and subsequently applies it to a case study.
A) Correct Answer: The passage first presents the ethical and societal risks of gene editing, next expands on why those risks are serious and multifaceted, and finally proposes an internationally coordinated framework as a remedy.
B) Incorrect: No single hypothesis is advanced and then tested.
C) Incorrect: The 2018 embryo case is used illustratively rather than as the backbone of a narrative that leads to prediction.
D) Incorrect: The author does not weigh two separate policies; the focus is on one unified regulatory approach.
E) Incorrect: Key terms like gene editing are introduced, but the passage’s main goal is not definitional analysis followed by application.
Answer: A
