Events & Promotions
|
|
GMAT Club Daily Prep
Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.
Customized
for You
Track
Your Progress
Practice
Pays
Not interested in getting valuable practice questions and articles delivered to your email? No problem, unsubscribe here.
May 1212:00 PM EDT
-11:59 PM EDT
Make the most of your break with the most realistic GMAT™ prep. Take up to $700 off select products.
May 1501:00 PM IST
-11:00 AM IST
Start your journey with a fully customized action plan and work with a dedicated mentor to achieve a 735+ score.
May 1810:00 AM PDT
-11:00 AM PDT
Join us in a live GMAT practice session and solve 25 challenging GMAT questions with other test takers in timed conditions, covering GMAT Quant, Data Sufficiency, Data Insights, Reading Comprehension, and Critical Reasoning questions.- May 19
12:00 PM PDT
-01:00 PM PDT
Scoring 329 on the GRE is not always about using more books, more courses, or a longer study plan. In this episode of GRE Success Talks, Ashutosh shares his GRE preparation strategy, study plan, and test-day experience, explaining how he kept his prep.... - Jun 10
06:00 AM PDT
-06:15 PM PDT
Register for the GMAT Club Virtual MBA Spotlight Fair – the world’s premier event for serious MBA candidates. This is your chance to hear directly from Admissions Directors at nearly every Top 30 MBA program..
19 Sep 2025, 21:09
Kudos
Bookmarks
By the late 1990s, sociologist Fred Block and political economist Peter Evans independently advanced complementary arguments regarding the role of government in fostering technological innovation in the United States. Block contended that significant technological breakthroughs often stemmed from government-led initiatives, with public agencies directing funding and resources toward high-risk, high-reward research that private firms were reluctant to pursue. This perspective challenged the prevailing notion that market forces and competition alone drove technological advancement. Evans expanded this argument, highlighting that public-private partnerships, where governments set initial agendas and incentivized firms to participate, were crucial in sectors like telecommunications, semiconductors, renewable energy, and biotechnology.
Block and Evans’ assertions are difficult to refute. However, the involvement of government agencies did not always yield uniform results across industries, nor did private firms consistently welcome state intervention. In the late 1980s, many semiconductor firms initially resisted the creation of SEMATECH, a public-private consortium designed to revitalize the U.S. semiconductor industry. Despite this resistance, SEMATECH ultimately played a pivotal role in improving production techniques and fostering industry collaboration, setting new standards for cooperative innovation. Similarly, in the aerospace sector, companies varied in their response to NASA’s attempts to involve private firms in developing satellite technology—some firms embraced the opportunity, while others expressed concerns about intellectual property rights, competitive neutrality, and long-term market competition.
The passage suggests which of the following about SEMATECH during the late 1980s?
A. SEMATECH's early agenda was possibly set up by the government agencies.
B. SEMATECH’s creation was driven by government agencies without input from private industry.
C. The semiconductor industry uniformly supported SEMATECH once its production techniques showed improvement.
D. SEMATECH’s influence was limited to revitalizing semiconductor production, with little effect on broader industry collaboration.
E. Some firms in the semiconductor industry benefited more than others from SEMATECH’s initiatives.
Block and Evans’ assertions are difficult to refute. However, the involvement of government agencies did not always yield uniform results across industries, nor did private firms consistently welcome state intervention. In the late 1980s, many semiconductor firms initially resisted the creation of SEMATECH, a public-private consortium designed to revitalize the U.S. semiconductor industry. Despite this resistance, SEMATECH ultimately played a pivotal role in improving production techniques and fostering industry collaboration, setting new standards for cooperative innovation. Similarly, in the aerospace sector, companies varied in their response to NASA’s attempts to involve private firms in developing satellite technology—some firms embraced the opportunity, while others expressed concerns about intellectual property rights, competitive neutrality, and long-term market competition.
The passage suggests which of the following about SEMATECH during the late 1980s?
A. SEMATECH's early agenda was possibly set up by the government agencies.
B. SEMATECH’s creation was driven by government agencies without input from private industry.
C. The semiconductor industry uniformly supported SEMATECH once its production techniques showed improvement.
D. SEMATECH’s influence was limited to revitalizing semiconductor production, with little effect on broader industry collaboration.
E. Some firms in the semiconductor industry benefited more than others from SEMATECH’s initiatives.
19 Sep 2025, 21:09
Kudos
Bookmarks
Official Solution:
By the late 1990s, sociologist Fred Block and political economist Peter Evans independently advanced complementary arguments regarding the role of government in fostering technological innovation in the United States. Block contended that significant technological breakthroughs often stemmed from government-led initiatives, with public agencies directing funding and resources toward high-risk, high-reward research that private firms were reluctant to pursue. This perspective challenged the prevailing notion that market forces and competition alone drove technological advancement. Evans expanded this argument, highlighting that public-private partnerships, where governments set initial agendas and incentivized firms to participate, were crucial in sectors like telecommunications, semiconductors, renewable energy, and biotechnology.
Block and Evans’ assertions are difficult to refute. However, the involvement of government agencies did not always yield uniform results across industries, nor did private firms consistently welcome state intervention. In the late 1980s, many semiconductor firms initially resisted the creation of SEMATECH, a public-private consortium designed to revitalize the U.S. semiconductor industry. Despite this resistance, SEMATECH ultimately played a pivotal role in improving production techniques and fostering industry collaboration, setting new standards for cooperative innovation. Similarly, in the aerospace sector, companies varied in their response to NASA’s attempts to involve private firms in developing satellite technology—some firms embraced the opportunity, while others expressed concerns about intellectual property rights, competitive neutrality, and long-term market competition.
The passage suggests which of the following about SEMATECH during the late 1980s?
A. SEMATECH's early agenda was possibly set up by the government agencies.
B. SEMATECH’s creation was driven by government agencies without input from private industry.
C. The semiconductor industry uniformly supported SEMATECH once its production techniques showed improvement.
D. SEMATECH’s influence was limited to revitalizing semiconductor production, with little effect on broader industry collaboration.
E. Some firms in the semiconductor industry benefited more than others from SEMATECH’s initiatives.
A) Correct
Evans emphasizes public-private partnerships with governments setting initial agendas, which fits SEMATECH’s early formation and direction.
B) Incorrect
The passage identifies SEMATECH as a public-private consortium, showing input from both government and industry.
C) Incorrect
The passage notes initial resistance from semiconductor firms but does not claim uniform industry support even after production gains.
D) Incorrect
The passage credits SEMATECH with fostering industry collaboration, not limiting its influence to production.
E) Incorrect
The passage describes broad impact on production and collaboration, without stating that some firms benefited more than others.
Answer: A
By the late 1990s, sociologist Fred Block and political economist Peter Evans independently advanced complementary arguments regarding the role of government in fostering technological innovation in the United States. Block contended that significant technological breakthroughs often stemmed from government-led initiatives, with public agencies directing funding and resources toward high-risk, high-reward research that private firms were reluctant to pursue. This perspective challenged the prevailing notion that market forces and competition alone drove technological advancement. Evans expanded this argument, highlighting that public-private partnerships, where governments set initial agendas and incentivized firms to participate, were crucial in sectors like telecommunications, semiconductors, renewable energy, and biotechnology.
Block and Evans’ assertions are difficult to refute. However, the involvement of government agencies did not always yield uniform results across industries, nor did private firms consistently welcome state intervention. In the late 1980s, many semiconductor firms initially resisted the creation of SEMATECH, a public-private consortium designed to revitalize the U.S. semiconductor industry. Despite this resistance, SEMATECH ultimately played a pivotal role in improving production techniques and fostering industry collaboration, setting new standards for cooperative innovation. Similarly, in the aerospace sector, companies varied in their response to NASA’s attempts to involve private firms in developing satellite technology—some firms embraced the opportunity, while others expressed concerns about intellectual property rights, competitive neutrality, and long-term market competition.
The passage suggests which of the following about SEMATECH during the late 1980s?
A. SEMATECH's early agenda was possibly set up by the government agencies.
B. SEMATECH’s creation was driven by government agencies without input from private industry.
C. The semiconductor industry uniformly supported SEMATECH once its production techniques showed improvement.
D. SEMATECH’s influence was limited to revitalizing semiconductor production, with little effect on broader industry collaboration.
E. Some firms in the semiconductor industry benefited more than others from SEMATECH’s initiatives.
A) Correct
Evans emphasizes public-private partnerships with governments setting initial agendas, which fits SEMATECH’s early formation and direction.
B) Incorrect
The passage identifies SEMATECH as a public-private consortium, showing input from both government and industry.
C) Incorrect
The passage notes initial resistance from semiconductor firms but does not claim uniform industry support even after production gains.
D) Incorrect
The passage credits SEMATECH with fostering industry collaboration, not limiting its influence to production.
E) Incorrect
The passage describes broad impact on production and collaboration, without stating that some firms benefited more than others.
Answer: A
