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Sajjad1994
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question 1 , how is E the best summary? I'm confused in B & D
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ReetArora.. I will try to explain why B & D are incorrect

As per option B "The reason few fetuses contract HIV from infected mothers is that their mothers’ T-cells protect them." In the passage Author has not said anything about the Mothers T cells, the author discussed fetus T cells.

And as per D "T-cells affected by HIV are not activated in the fetal immune response and therefore remain more tolerant of foreign cells."..This is incorrect information,

Check below part of the passage- "As genetic testing has demonstrated, this is because the human fetal immune system may develop separately from the adult immune system, and it may provide a measure of protection. When exposed to foreign cells, immune cells “activate” to become T-cells, which defend the organism. " it says T cells are activated.

Since we have a reason to eliminate B & D, however the questions asks for the summary of the passage. By the definition of summary-Option choice has to contain something which express the whole context why Author has written that passage.

Ask What is the Main information Author wants you to tell? Put yourself in the Author's shoe and think what do you want to convey to your readers in simple one or two line. Overall the author discussed about the reason why the fetus do not contract HIV even though Mother has HIV.

Hope it helps
ReetArora
question 1 , how is E the best summary? I'm confused in B & D
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