Transformational leadership has been seen as moving beyond transaction

Question

Transformational leadership has been seen as moving beyond transactions to increase the level of followers’ awareness for valued outcomes by encouraging followers to transcend self-interest. Specifically, the transformational leadership process is comprised of four complementary components, known as the four I’s. Idealized influence is the most important component and is defined with respect to both the leader’s behavior and the followers’ attributions about the leader. Idealized leaders consider the needs of others before their own personal needs, avoid the use of power for personal gain, demonstrate high moral standards, and set challenging goals for their followers. Jointly, these behaviors set the leaders as role models for their followers. Inspirational motivation, the second crucial component, refers to the ways by which transformational leaders motivate and inspire those around them, mostly by providing meaning and challenge. Specifically, transformational leaders do so by displaying enthusiasm and optimism, involving followers in envisioning attractive future states, communicating high and reasonable expectations, and demonstrating a commitment to shared goals. Next, individualized consideration represents the leader’s consistent effort to treat each individual as a special person and to act as a mentor who continually attempts to develop followers’ potential as needed. Lastly, intellectual stimulation represents the leader’s effort to stimulate the followers to be innovative and creative, as well as the leader’s effort to encourage followers to question assumptions and to reframe problems in new ways, without worrying about failure. All four components, when present in a leader’s approach, help the leader transform followers beyond perceived capabilities.

Results from various studies show that transformational leadership has direct effects on employee behavior, including task performance and various measures of organizational citizenship behavior. Zhu examined the relationship between transformational leadership and follower work engagement, and found a positive relationship between the two. Chongvisal found that transformational leadership had a direct and positive effect on employees’ perception of fairness in the organization. Further, Moynihan examined the sources of motivation and concluded that transformational leadership is associated with higher motivation, especially in the public service sector. Various other studies also provide increasing evidence that a variety of relationships exist between transformational leadership and overall organizational efficiency.

Results from various studies show that transformational leadership has direct effects on employee behavior, including task performance and various measures of organizational citizenship behavior. Zhu examined the relationship between transformational leadership and follower work engagement, and found a positive relationship between the two. Chongvisal found that transformational leadership had a direct and positive effect on employees’ perception of fairness in the organization. Further, Moynihan examined the sources of motivation and concluded that transformational leadership is associated with higher motivation, especially in the public service sector. Various other studies also provide increasing evidence that a variety of relationships exist between transformational leadership and overall organizational efficiency.    1 
 1. The passage suggests that the author of the passage is least likely to believe which of the following?

A. A leader who doesn't offer the same amount of intellectual stimulation to everyone on his team may be a transformational leader.
B. A leader who emphasizes that his followers regard his working style as ideal and mimic the same demonstrates transformational leadership.
C. A leader who acts as a guiding resource for followers demonstrates transformational leadership. 
D. Seeking constant improvement and tolerating failure are important aspects of transformational leadership. 
E. Setting up practically achievable goals for followers is a key skill transformation leaders need.

2 
 2. Which of the following most accurately describes the organization of the passage?

A. A leadership framework is described and its organizational necessity is discussed.
B. A long-standing management theory is elaborated and recently discovered evidence is shown to support it.
C. A theory of leadership is detailed and its organizational impacts are suggested.
D. The ways in which a particular leadership style is exceptional are detailed and verified. 
E. The claim behind a common managerial practice is described and validated.

3 
 3. The author suggests which of the following about the four components of transformational leadership?

A. All components are equally important.
B. No differentiation between any two components exists.
C. All components work in tandem.
D. No component can be employed by itself.
E. All components are distinct.

4 
 4. The passage does not offer any evidence for which of the following positive impacts of transformational leadership?

A. organizational equitability
B. productiveness
C. employee involvement
D. increased authority
E. emotional encouragement

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vasu1104 · Answer

passage 1: introduction to transformational leadership and its four complementary components. also definitions of each component. 
 passage 2: various research showing TL has direct effects on employee behaviour.

Que 1.  C,D,E are easy to eliminate as they are written in line with the given passage info. passage says that the behaviors of leaders serves as role model so followers regards that as ideal and mimic the same. so toss out the B. 
 so only A is not discussed. thats the ans.

Que 2. as we discussed in the passage breakdown that first passage is about introduction to term called TL and its four components while second shares the result from various study about TL effects on emplyees.

A first part is correct but latter one is wrong.
B this clearly defined the main idea of passage and in line with earlier prethinking.
C no organizational impacts are suggested.
D its not that its exceptional and then verifying it.
E its not showing any claim and then validating it.

Que 3. Specifically, the transformational leadership process is comprised of four complementary components, known as the four I’s.
this means these 4 are needed for other to work so they work in tendem. only C defines it.

Que 4. B, C and E are easy to eliminate.
A is somewhat discussed in last passage.
only D is not mentioned

ExpertsGlobal5 · Answer

Mind-map    
  
  To introduce transformational leadership and its four components (Paragraph 1)  
  To mention several studies that illustrate positive effects of transformational leadership (Paragraph 2)  
  
  = = = = = = = = =

1.   The passage suggests that the author of the passage is least likely to believe which of the following?

a.   A leader who doesn't offer the same amount of intellectual stimulation to everyone on his team may be a transformational leader. 
  b.     A leader who emphasizes that his followers regard his working style as ideal and mimic the same demonstrates transformational leadership.  
 c.   A leader who acts as a guiding resource for followers demonstrates transformational leadership.  
 d.   Seeking constant improvement and tolerating failure are important aspects of transformational leadership.  
 e.   Setting up practically achievable goals for followers is a key skill transformation leaders need.

Question Type: Inference

Explanation:

The first paragraph details transformational leadership and its four components. Each answer choice needs to be carefully evaluated in light of this discussion.

A. Trap. As the first paragraph mentions “individualized consideration represents the leader’s consistent effort to treat each individual as a special person and to act as a mentor who continually attempts to develop followers’ potential as needed”; it can be argued that   a leader who doesn't offer the same amount of intellectual stimulation to everyone on his team may be doing so because of individualized consideration  ; in such a case, the leader demonstrates the use of both intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration, and the author is likely to believe that this leader is a transformational leader. Incorrect.

B.  Correct.  The first paragraph mentions that idealized influence is “defined with respect to both the leader’s behavior and the followers’ attributions about the leader” and that “Idealized leaders consider the needs of others before their own personal needs, avoid the use of power for personal gain, demonstrate high moral standards, and set challenging goals for their followers. Jointly, these behaviors set the leaders as role models for their followers”;   idealized influence is set because followers come to follow certain characteristics of the leader, and not because the leader emphasizes that his leadership style be followed  ; so, the author is not likely to believe that this leader demonstrates transformational leadership.

C. The first paragraph mentions that inspirational motivation refers to “the ways by which transformational leaders motivate and inspire those around them” and individualized consideration “represents the leader’s consistent effort to treat each individual as a special person and to act as a mentor who continually attempts to develop followers’ potential as needed”;   a leader who acts as a guiding resource for followers shows both these characteristics  ; the author is, hence, likely to believe that this leader demonstrates transformational leadership. Incorrect.

D. The first paragraph states that “  intellectual stimulation represents   the leader’s effort to stimulate the followers   to be innovative and creative  , as well as the leader’s effort to encourage followers to question assumptions and to reframe problems in new ways,   without worrying about failure  ”; it can be inferred that seeking constant improvement and tolerating failure are part of transformational leadership; so, the author is likely to believe in the statement mentioned in the answer choice. Incorrect.

E. The first paragraph states that   transformational leaders show inspirational motivation by   “displaying enthusiasm and optimism, involving followers in envisioning attractive future states,   communicating high and reasonable expectations  , and demonstrating a commitment to shared goals”; so, the author is likely to believe that setting up practically achievable goals for followers is a key skill transformational leaders need. Incorrect.

B is the best choice.   
  
 = = = = = = = = = =   
   2.   Which of the following most accurately describes the organization of the passage?

a.   A leadership framework is described and its organizational necessity is discussed. 
 b.   A long-standing management theory is elaborated and recently discovered evidence is shown to support it. 
  c.     A theory of leadership is detailed and its organizational impacts are suggested.  
 d.   The ways in which a particular leadership style is exceptional are detailed and verified.  
 e.   The claim behind a common managerial practice is described and validated.

Question Type: Structure

Explanation:

As the mind-map suggests, the first paragraph introduces transformational leadership and its four components, and the second paragraph mentions several studies that illustrate the positive effects of transformational leadership. The answer choice that aligns with this summary is the correct answer choice.

A. As the mind-map suggests, the passage deals with transformational leadership; it is correct to state that the passage describes a leadership framework. Although the second paragraph indicates some positive effects of this leadership framework,   the passage does not make any reference to why this leadership framework is needed  . Hence, it is incorrect to state that the passage describes a leadership framework and discusses its organizational necessity, as the answer choice mentions. Incorrect.

B. Trap. As the mind-map suggests, the passage deals with transformational leadership; although it is correct to state that the passage elaborates a management theory,   the passage does not indicate that the theory is “long-standing”  . Although the second paragraph indicates some positive effects of this leadership framework,   no evidence is suggested to be “recently discovered”  . Hence, it is incorrect to state that the passage elaborates a long-standing management theory and shows recently discovered evidence to support it, as the answer choice mentions. Incorrect.

C.  Correct.  As the mind-map suggests, the passage deals with transformational leadership; it is correct to state that   the passage details a theory of leadership  . The second paragraph indicates some positive effects of this leadership theory; it is correct to state that   the passage suggests organizational impacts of the theory of leadership  . Overall, it is correct to state that the passage details a theory of leadership and suggests organizational impacts of the theory, as the answer choice mentions.

D. As the mind-map suggests, the passage deals with transformational leadership and indicates some positive effects of it; although it is correct to state that the passage details a particular leadership style,   the passage makes no suggestion that the leadership style is “exceptional”  . Additionally, although the passage indicates some positive effects of the theory, it is incorrect to state that the passage “verifies the ways in which” the theory is “exceptional”. Hence, it is incorrect to state that the passage details and verifies the ways in which a particular leadership style is exceptional, as the answer choice mentions. Incorrect.

E. As the mind-map suggests, the passage deals with transformational leadership and indicates some positive effects of it; although it is correct to state that the passage describes a common managerial practice,   the passage makes no suggestion that the managerial practice is “common”; also, the passage describes no “claims” made by the practice  . Additionally, although the passage indicates some positive effects of the theory, it is incorrect to state that the passage “validates the claims behind a common managerial practice”. Hence, it is incorrect to state that the passage describes and validates the claims behind a common managerial practice, as the answer choice mentions. Incorrect.

C is the best choice.    
  
 = = = = = = = = = =  
   3.   The author suggests which of the following about the four components of transformational leadership?

a.   All components are equally important. 
 b.   No differentiation between any two components exists. 
 c.    All components work in tandem.  
 d.   No component can be employed by itself. 
 e.   All components are distinct.

Question Type: Inference

Explanation:

The first paragraph mentions that “the transformational leadership process is comprised of four complementary components, known as the four I’s” and goes on to describe the four components. After the description is over, the paragraph concludes by stating that “All four components, when present in a leader’s approach, help the leader transform followers beyond perceived capabilities”. It can be inferred that, as the word “complementary” suggests, the author intends to state that the four components “work together” towards transformational leadership. The answer choice that does justice to this intended meaning is the correct answer choice. 
 
 A. Trap. The first paragraph mentions that “the transformational leadership process is comprised of four complementary components, known as the four I’s” and goes on to describe the four components before concluding that “All four components, when present in a leader’s approach, help the leader transform followers beyond perceived capabilities”; however,   the passage makes no suggestion regarding the relative importance of each component  . From the above two references, it can be inferred that,   as the word “complementary” suggests, the author intends to state that the four components “work together”   towards transformational leadership. Incorrect.

B. The first paragraph mentions that “the transformational leadership process is comprised of four complementary components, known as the four I’s” and goes on to describe the four components before concluding that “All four components, when present in a leader’s approach, help the leader transform followers beyond perceived capabilities”; however,   the passage does not suggest that all the components are the same or, in other words, no differentiation (contrast) between any two components exists  . From the above two references, it can be inferred that,   as the word “complementary” suggests, the author intends to state that the four components “work together”   towards transformational leadership. Incorrect.

C.  Correct.  The first paragraph mentions that “the transformational leadership process is comprised of four complementary components, known as the four I’s” and goes on to describe the four components before concluding that “All four components, when present in a leader’s approach, help the leader transform followers beyond perceived capabilities”; it can be inferred that,   as the word “complementary” suggests, the author intends to state that the four components “work together”   towards transformational leadership, as the answer choice mentions.

D. The first paragraph mentions that “the transformational leadership process is comprised of four complementary components, known as the four I’s” and goes on to describe the four components before concluding that “All four components, when present in a leader’s approach, help the leader transform followers beyond perceived capabilities”; however,   the restriction that no  component can be employed by itself is not suggested in the passage.  From the above two references, it can be inferred that,   as the word “complementary” suggests, the author intends to state that the four components “work together”   towards transformational leadership. Incorrect.

E. The first paragraph mentions that “the transformational leadership process is comprised of four complementary components, known as the four I’s” and goes on to describe the four components before concluding that “All four components, when present in a leader’s approach, help the leader transform followers beyond perceived capabilities”; however,   the passage makes no suggestion that the four components are distinct  . From the above two references, it can be inferred that,   as the word “complementary” suggests, the author intends to state that the four components “work together”   towards transformational leadership. Incorrect.

C is the best choice.    
  
 = = = = = = = = = =   
   4.   The passage does not offer any evidence for which of the following positive impacts of transformational leadership?

a.   organizational equitability 
 b.   productiveness 
 c.   employee involvement 
  d.     increased authority  
 e.   emotional encouragement

Question Type: Fact

Explanation:

The second paragraph mentions several studies that illustrate that transformational leadership positively affects employees and organizations. Each answer choice needs to be carefully evaluated in light of this discussion.

A. The second paragraph mentions that “Chongvisal found that transformational leadership had a direct and positive effect on employees’ perception of fairness in the organization”; employees’ perception of fairness, or organizational equitability, is mentioned in the passage as one of the positive impacts of transformational leadership. Incorrect.

B. The second paragraph mentions that “Various other studies also provide increasing evidence that a variety of relationships exists between transformational leadership and overall organizational efficiency”; organizational efficiency, or productiveness, is mentioned in the passage as one of the positive impacts of transformational leadership. Incorrect.

C. The second paragraph mentions that “Zhu examined the relationship between transformational leadership and follower work engagement, and found a positive relationship between the two”; employee work engagement, or employee involvement, is mentioned in the passage as one of the positive impacts of transformational leadership. Incorrect.

D.  Correct.  The second paragraph mentions several positive impacts of transformational leadership – employees’ improved “work engagement”, “perception of fairness”, “motivation”, and “performance”; however,   there is     no mention of increased authority  .

E. The second paragraph mentions that “Moynihan examined the sources of motivation and concluded that transformational leadership is associated with higher motivation, especially in the public service sector”; employees’ motivation, or emotional encouragement, is mentioned in the passage as one of the positive impacts of transformational leadership. Incorrect.

D is the best choice.   
  
 = = = = = = = = = =

Transformational leadership has been seen as moving beyond transaction

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Transformational leadership has been seen as moving beyond transaction

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