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Official Explanation

Answer: A
The sentence is correct as written. When a semi-colon is present, the clause on either side of the punctuation mark must be a complete sentence. Choice (B) changes the meaning, suggesting that the earlier scholars did the clarification. (C)'s use of "that" before "repeats" is incorrect; the phrase following "that" is merely a description, so "which" would be more appropriate. (In fact, neither is needed, as shown in (A).) Choice (D) uses two semi-colons; the middle clause is not a complete sentence. Finally, (E) contains a passive construction ("are repeated by it") which might be acceptable if there were no better options, but since (A) is a strong choice, there's no need to select this one. Choice (A) is correct.

Hope it helps. :)
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Weird question. I noticed that gmathack questions are not high quality.
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Contrary to common belief, Euclid's Elements is more a compilation than a composition; it repeats the work of scholars such as Eudoxus, Pythagorus, and Theaetetus, often clarifying earlier proofs and correcting weak ones.

(A) Contrary to common belief, Euclid's Elements is more a compilation than a composition; it repeats the work of scholars such as Eudoxus, Pythagorus, and Theaetetus, often clarifying earlier proofs and correcting weak ones.

(B) Contrary to common belief, Euclid's Elements is more a compilation than a composition, repeating work by scholars such as Eudoxus, Pythagorus, and Theaetetus, who clarified earlier proofs and corrected weak ones. Looks like clarifying and correctition was done by Theaetetus only. INCORRECT

(C) Contrary to common belief, Euclid's Elements is more compilation than composition that repeats the work of Eudoxus, Pythagorus, and Theaetetus, accomplished by clarifying and correcting earlier and weak proofs. RUN on Sentence and more compilation than composition is INCORRECT

(D) Euclid's Elements, contrary to common belief, is more a compilation than a composition; repeating the work of scholars such as Eudoxus, Pythagorus, and Theaetetus; it often clarifies earlier proofs and corrects weak ones. FULL DISASTER

(E) Euclid's Elements is more a compilation than a composition; contrary to common belief, the work of scholars such as Eudoxus, Pythagorus, and Theaetetus are repeated by it, which clarifies earlier proofs and corrects weak ones. ILLOGICAL and Unclear.
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Contrary to common belief, Euclid's Elements is more a compilation than a
composition; it repeats the work of scholars such as Eudoxus, Pythagorus,
and Theaetetus, often clarifying earlier proofs and correcting weak ones.

(A) Contrary to common belief, Euclid's Elements is more a compilation than
a composition; it repeats the work of scholars such as Eudoxus, Pythagorus,
and Theaetetus, often clarifying earlier proofs and correcting weak ones.

Correct.

(B) Contrary to common belief, Euclid's Elements is more a compilation than a
composition, repeating work by scholars such as Eudoxus, Pythagorus, and
Theaetetus, who clarified earlier proofs and corrected weak ones.
changes the meaning.

(C) Contrary to common belief, Euclid's Elements is more compilation than
composition that repeats the work of Eudoxus, Pythagorus, and Theaetetus,
accomplished by clarifying and correcting earlier and weak proofs.
'a' missing

(D) Euclid's Elements, contrary to common belief, is more a compilation than a
composition; repeating the work of scholars such as Eudoxus, Pythagorus, and
Theaetetus; it often clarifies earlier proofs and corrects weak ones.
refers to the work or Euclid's Elements ?

(E) Euclid's Elements is more a compilation than a composition; contrary to
common belief, the work of scholars such as Eudoxus, Pythagorus, and
Theaetetus are repeated by it, which clarifies earlier proofs and corrects weak ones.

Sentence construction is improper.
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