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Quote:
The current floods in Pakistan were caused by an incessant spell of rains, which, weather scientists have forecast to continue into late next month and which were considered as the worst in the area for nearly a century

(A) Pakistan were caused by an incessant spell of rains, which weather scientists have forecast to continue into late next month and which were considered as the worst in this area for nearly a century
Incorrect. "Which" should modify the "spell" and not "rain". "which weather scientists..." and "which were considered.." is not parallel as the later part is passive.

(B) Pakistan have been caused by an incessant spell of rains, a spell that weather scientists have forecast to continue into late next month and they consider as the worst in this area for nearly a century
Incorrect. "they consider.." is not parallel to "that weather". "Consider as" is wrong idiom.

(C) Pakistan have been caused by an incessant spell of rains, a spell that weather scientists forecast to continue into late next month and that they consider the worst in this area for nearly a century
Correct. "that weather.." is parallel to "that they.."

(D)Pakistan have been caused by an incessant spell of rains, a spell that weather scientists forecast to continue into late next month and that they consider to be the worst in this area for nearly a century
Incorrect. "consider to be" is wrong idiom

(E)Pakistan have been caused by an incessant spell of rains, a spell that weather scientists forecast to continue into late next month and that is considered as the worst in this area for nearly a century
Incorrect. again "considered as" is passive.

Considered X to be Y and consider X Y both are correct idioms... however in this question Consider X Y is correct answer as it is more concise than consider X to be Y .However in other such questions consider X to be Y may also comes out to be in right answer.
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The current floods in Pakistan were caused by an incessant spell of rains, which, weather scientists have forecast to continue into late next month and which were considered as the worst in the area for nearly a century


(A) Pakistan were caused by an incessant spell of rains, which weather scientists have forecast to continue into late next month and which were considered as the worst in this area for nearly a century
which refers to "spell" - spell is singular - but we have verb "were". not correct.

(B) Pakistan have been caused by an incessant spell of rains, a spell that weather scientists have forecast to continue into late next month and they consider as the worst in this area for nearly a century
structure error. missing comma. 2 IC clauses connected with "and" only.

(C) Pakistan have been caused by an incessant spell of rains, a spell that weather scientists forecast to continue into late next month and that they consider the worst in this area for nearly a century
correct usage of noun+noun modifier. it slightly changes the meaning from the original sentence - the spell was considered as the worst in the area vs scientists consider...
i tend to believe that scientists consider, because in A we have a "were" verb...

(D)Pakistan have been caused by an incessant spell of rains, a spell that weather scientists forecast to continue into late next month and that they consider to be the worst in this area for nearly a century
consider to be - ouch...
correct usage "consider X Y"

(E)Pakistan have been caused by an incessant spell of rains, a spell that weather scientists forecast to continue into late next month and that is considered as the worst in this area for nearly a century
correct usage "consider X Y"

C is the answer.
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C is the best answer because it has the correct idiom 'consider the worst'. All other choices A,B,D &E have incorrect idioms 'considered as' , 'considered to be' etc, besides other issues like parallelism , ambiguous pronoun etc..

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