Responding to new economic forces linking the Mediterranean and Atlantic capitalist economies to one another,
the manufacturing and service sectors of the settler societies which Arab migrants entered included those associated with continued immigration from the Middle East.
A.the manufacturing and service sectors of the settler societies which Arab migrants entered included
B. Arab migrants entered the manufacturing and service sectors of the settler societies, services that included
C.the manufacturing and service sectors which Arab migrants entered of the settler societies included
D. Arab migrants entered the manufacturing and service sectors of the settler societies, services included
E.settler societies which Arab migrants entered included the manufacturing and service sectors of
In simple terms of modification, the modified subject next to the comma must be the subject of the action clause and also an active doer of the said action. An abstract thing like a society or sector cannot be the modified noun of such a response.
That is why choices A, C, and E are instant dropouts. Between B and D, D is a run-on (a comma–splice)
B is the answer