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Analyzing over 380 galaxy systems from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a huge collection of galactic data, astronomers have found conclusive proof that confirms dwarf galaxies having a well-defined route to orbit large galaxies rather than that of chaotic paths.

The overall structure of this sentence is as follows: [-ing modifier], [noun modifier],______. This underlined portion must therefore begin with the main subject of the sentence. Since (D) and (E) do not have the ''main subject'' immediately succeeding the underlined portion, we can eliminate (D) and (E).

A) astronomers have found conclusive proof that confirms dwarf galaxies having a well-defined route to orbit large galaxies rather than that of
- ''...confirms dwarf galaxies having...to orbit'' is a mashup of different verb tenses that do not cohere to a sequential timeline of actions.
B) astronomers have found conclusive proof confirming that dwarf galaxies orbit large galaxies in a well-defined route rather than in - has no error. Hence, (B) is the right answer choice.
C) astronomers have found conclusive proof that confirms dwarf galaxies having a well-defined route to orbit large galaxies in rather than
- here, we have a comparison error: the action of ''orbiting'' is being compared to 'chaotic paths', which is a noun.

I am confused.

B) says "...dwarf galaxies orbit large galaxies in a well-defined route" However, not all dwarf galaxies use the same route. Should not it be
"...dwarf galaxies orbit large galaxies in well-defined routes".
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