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Dear Friends,

Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
Bunuel
Japanese railway companies compete constant for control of the local transportation market by selling real estate and erecting retail outlets near train stations.


A. compete constant for control of the local transportation market by selling real estate and erecting retail outlets near train stations

B. constant compete for control of the local transportation market by selling real estate and erecting retail outlets near train stations

C. compete constantly for control of the local transportation market by selling real estate and erecting retail outlets that are not far from train stations

D. constantly compete for control of the local transportation market by erecting retail outlets and selling real estate near train stations

E. compete constantly for control of the locally transportation market by selling real estate and erecting retail outlets near train stations

Concepts tested here: Modifiers + Awkwardness/Redundancy

• An adjective can only modify a noun; it cannot modify another adjective; to modify an adjective, an adverb must be used; generally, adjective+ly leads to an adverb.
• An adverb can only be used to modify a verb or an adjective.
• The "adverb + verb" construction is preferred over the "verb + adverb" construction.

A: This answer choice incorrectly modifies the verb "compete" with the adjective "constant"; please remember, an adjective can only modify a noun; it cannot modify another adjective; to modify an adjective, an adverb must be used; generally, adjective+ly leads to an adverb.

B: This answer choice incorrectly modifies the verb "compete" with the adjective "constant"; please remember, an adjective can only modify a noun; it cannot modify another adjective; to modify an adjective, an adverb must be used; generally, adjective+ly leads to an adverb.

C: This answer choice uses the "verb + adverb" construction "compete constantly" rather than the preferred construction "adverb + verb"; please remember, the "adverb + verb" construction is preferred over the "verb + adverb" construction. Further, Option C uses the needlessly wordy phrase "that are not far from train stations", leading to awkwardness and redundancy.

D: Correct. This answer choice correctly uses the adverb "constantly" to modify the verb "compete". Moreover, Option D correctly uses the adjective "local" to modify the noun phrase "transportation market". Further, Option D uses the preferred construction "adverb + verb" ("constantly compete" in this sentence). Besides, Option D is free of any awkwardness or redundancy.

E: This answer choice incorrectly uses the adverb "locally" to modify the noun phrase "transportation market"; please remember, an adverb can only be used to modify a verb or an adjective. Further, Option E uses the "verb + adverb" construction "compete constantly" rather than the preferred construction "adverb + verb"; please remember, the "adverb + verb" construction is preferred over the "verb + adverb" construction.

Hence, D is the best answer choice.

All the best!
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