Bunuel
If Sam reached the airport in time, he would have been holidaying in Germany by now.
(A) If Sam reached the airport in time,
(B) If Sam would have reached the airport in time,
(C) Sam having reached the airport in time,
(D) Had Sam reached the airport in time,
(E) Sam, reaching the airport in time,
Official Explanation
Answer: D
(A) The use of the simple past tense
reached is incorrect; we require the past perfect tense (
had reached) because the sentence actually talks about two different time periods in the past. Notice that Sam
did not get to holiday in Germany. This is the latter event in the past and so uses the simple past tense
did. It was obviously before this that Sam could not reach the airport, making this the earlier event in the past and necessitating the use of the past perfect tense
had.
(B) The construction does not make sense with the rest of the sentence.
(C) Same as B.
(D) The correct answer.(E) Again, this construction has no meaning.