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Bunuel
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Option A will be the correct answer as use of ";" is essential when a new sentence is started.

Read the below sentence properly again.
Methane, which is about 20 times more potent at trapping heat than is carbon dioxide, accounts for 11 percent of all domestic greenhouse gas emissions, about a third of that is estimated to come from oil and gas operations.

"About a third of that..." - a new idea is started and therefore semicolon is required.
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I think an easier filter for this question is eliminating C, D, E right away since the "and" does not have a "which" after it to maintain parallelism. If we did want to use "and", the correct way to do so would be something like "which is about 20 times....... and WHICH accounts.....".

Between A and B, B has a semi-colon which is very much needed since the last statement is an independent clause.

Please feel free to correct me if I'm wrong.
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Bunuel
Methane, which is about 20 times more potent at trapping heat than is carbon dioxide, accounts for 11 percent of all domestic greenhouse gas emissions, about a third of that is estimated to come from oil and gas operations.


A. dioxide, accounts for 11 percent of all domestic greenhouse gas emissions,

B. dioxide, accounts for 11 percent of all domestic greenhouse gas emissions;

C. dioxide and accounts for 11 percent of all domestic greenhouse gas emissions;

D. dioxide and accounts for 11 percent of all domestic greenhouse gas emissions, and

E. dioxide and accounts for 11 percent of all domestic greenhouse gas emissions,

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/12/climate/trump-methane-rule-repeal.html

Methane, which is about 25 times more potent at trapping heat than carbon dioxide, accounts for 9 percent of all domestic greenhouse gas emissions; about a third of that is estimated to come from oil and gas operations. Under the rule, oil and gas companies would have been required to capture leaked methane, update their equipment and write new plans for minimizing waste when drilling on government property.




VERITAS PREP OFFICIAL SOLUTION:



The only decision points in this problem come at the beginning and end of each answer choice, so focus your attention there. In analyzing the choices at the beginning first, you see that (A) and (B) end the “”which” modifying clause at “dioxide” and then introduce the verb “accounts”. This creates the proper structure: “Methane…accounts for this percentage…” (C), (D), and (E) have the “which” clause continue all the way to “emissions” but this doesn’t work! There must be a main verb for the subject “Methane” but there isn’t one in those three answers and you are left with this fragment: Methane…about a third of that…” With this sentence construction error, you can confidently eliminate (C), (D), and (E).

Now look at the remaining difference: In (A) you have a comma at the end, while in (B) you have a semicolon. In (A), after using slash-and-burn to remove the “which” modifier you have this sentence: “Methane accounts for this amount of emissions, about a third of that is estimated to come from this.” You cannot simply connect those two clauses with a comma – it is a textbook “comma splice” error. You would need a conjunction if you were going to use a comma to connect them. (B) properly uses a semi-colon to link together two separate but related clauses: “Methane accounts for this percentage; about a third of that is estimated to come from these sources.” The correct answer is (B).
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