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Skywalker18
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Sandra : Most physicians agree that smoking a tobacco product for many year is very likely to be injurious to the smoker's health .

Jeremy: On the contrary , smoking has no effect on health at all ! Although my uncle smoked three cigars a day from the age of fifteen , he died at age ninety-six.

A major weakness of Jeremy's counterargument is that his counterargument:

A. attempts to refute a probabilistic conclusion by claiming the existence of a single counterexample.
B. challenges expert opinion on the basis of specific information unavailable to experts in the field.
C. describes an individual case that is explicity discounted as an exception to the expert's conclusion
D. presupposes that longevity and health status are unrelated to each other in the general population.
E. tacitly assumes that those physicians who are in agreement on this arrived at that agreement independently of one another.

The answer is A. The flaw in counter-argument is that he tries to take a special example to refute a whole conclusion. An example doesn't statistically represent the whole set.

Choice D is wrong because Jeremy does presuppose that longevity and health status are the same, or at least related to each other.
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Is it A? Because Sandra concludes that it is likely that smoking is injurious to smoker's health and the option A also uses the word probabilistic

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Option A says probabilistic but it is the best fit from above all.

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